Abstract: A surface protecting resin member includes a cured product of a composition containing an acrylic resin having a hydroxyl value within the range of 40 mgKOH/g to 280 mgKOH/g, a polyol having a hydroxyl value within the range of 40 mgKOH/g to 300 mgKOH/g, a multifunctional isocyanate, and a fluorotelomer alcohol represented by the following general formula CF3(CF2)n—(CH2)m—OH, where n is an integer of 1 or more and m is an integer within the range of 1 to 4.

Abstract: A surface protecting resin member includes a cured product of a composition containing an acrylic resin having a hydroxyl value within the range of 40 mgKOH/g to 280 mgKOH/g, a polyol having a hydroxyl value within the range of 40 mgKOH/g to 300 mgKOH/g, a multifunctional isocyanate, and a fluorotelomer alcohol represented by the following general formula CF3(CF2)n—(CH2)m—OH, where n is an integer of 1 or more and m is an integer within the range of 1 to 4.

Abstract: A laminated member includes a transparent support substrate containing a resin, and a surface resin layer on the transparent support substrate, in which the surface resin layer contains a cured product of a resin composition containing: an acrylic resin having a hydroxy value of 40 mgKOH/g to 280 mgKOH/g, a polyol having plural hydroxy groups and having a carbon chain having 6 or more carbon atoms in a straight chain linking the hydroxyl groups, and a polyfunctional isocyanate, and in which a ratio [(FI/FS)×100 (%)] of a fluorine atom content [FI] on a surface of the surface resin layer after etching a range of 2 mm square on an outermost surface of the surface resin layer with an argon gas cluster ion gun of 5 kV for 20 minutes to a fluorine atom content [FS] on the outermost surface of the surface resin layer ranges from 2% to 50%.

Abstract: Provided is a solution for forming a surface protective resin member, containing: a fluorine-containing acrylic resin having a hydroxyl value of 40 to 280; a fluorine-free acrylic resin having a hydroxyl value of 40 to 280; and a polyether polyol or a polyester polyol.

Abstract: An aqueous emulsion includes a prepolymer that is a reaction product of a multifunctional isocyanate and an acrylic resin having fluorine atoms and hydroxyl groups and having an acid value in a range of 5 mgKOH/g to 100 mgKOH/g; and an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: Provided is a solution for forming a surface protective resin member, containing: a fluorine-containing acrylic resin having a hydroxyl value of 40 to 280; a fluorine-free acrylic resin having a hydroxyl value of 40 to 280; and a polyether polyol or a polyester polyol.

Abstract: A liquid developer includes toner particles and a carrier liquid, wherein the toner particles include, as a binder resin, an amorphous polyester resin and a crystalline saturated aliphatic polyester resin having a composition ratio (C/O ratio) of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms of 3.4 or less, and with respect to a toner obtained by vacuum drying the toner particles, a crystal melting peak at a first temperature rise in differential heating calorimetry is 60° C. or more.

Abstract: A liquid developer includes toner particles containing, as a binder resin, at least a polyester resin containing a monomer unit, which includes a linear or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon chain having 2 to 5 carbon atoms between ester bonds, in a range of from 5 mol % to 25 mol % with respect to all monomer units included in the polyester resin, and a colorant; and a carrier liquid including an insulating liquid.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive base; an organic photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive base, the organic photosensitive layer including a layer that constitutes a surface and contains a charge transport material, a binder resin having a viscosity-average molecular weight less than about 50,000, and silica particles in an amount of about 40% by weight or more; and an inorganic protective layer disposed on the organic photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A unit for an image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate, and a surface layer provided so as to contact with an outermost surface of the photosensitive layer, and an exposure section that exposes the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a light having a wavelength (?) (nm) so as to form an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein a surface roughness (Rz1) (nm) of the outermost surface of the photosensitive layer satisfies an expression of [(Rz1)?(?)/(4×(n2))] where a refractive index of the surface layer is set as (n2), and an outermost surface of the surface layer has a surface shape different from the outermost surface of the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer on the electroconductive substrate and an inorganic protective layer on the organic photosensitive layer, wherein a layer that forms a surface of the organic photosensitive layer contains a charge transporting material, a binder resin, and a silica particle; the inorganic protective layer contains a group 13 element, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom; a sum of element constitution ratios of the group 13 element, the oxygen atom, and the hydrogen atom to all elements constituting the inorganic protective layer is equal to or more than 90 atomic %; and an element composition ratio (oxygen atom/group 13 element) of the oxygen atom and the group 13 element is 1.0 or more and less than 1.5.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer on the electroconductive substrate and an inorganic protective layer on the organic photosensitive layer, wherein a layer that forms a surface of the organic photosensitive layer contains a charge transporting material, a binder resin, and a silica particle; the inorganic protective layer contains a group 13 element, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom; a sum of element constitution ratios of the group 13 element, the oxygen atom, and the hydrogen atom to all elements constituting the inorganic protective layer is equal to or more than 90 atomic %; and an element composition ratio (oxygen atom/group 13 element) of the oxygen atom and the group 13 element is 1.0 or more and less than 1.5.

Abstract: A unit for an image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate, and a surface layer provided so as to contact with an outermost surface of the photosensitive layer, and an exposure section that exposes the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a light having a wavelength (?) (nm) so as to form an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein a surface roughness (Rz1) (nm) of the outermost surface of the photosensitive layer satisfies an expression of [(Rz1)?(?)/(4×(n2))] where a refractive index of the surface layer is set as (n2), and an outermost surface of the surface layer has a surface shape different from the outermost surface of the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive base; an organic photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive base, the organic photosensitive layer including a layer that constitutes a surface and contains a charge transport material, a binder resin having a viscosity-average molecular weight less than about 50,000, and silica particles in an amount of about 40% by weight or more; and an inorganic protective layer disposed on the organic photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that includes a conductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate, and an inorganic protective layer provided on the organic photosensitive layer; a charging unit that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor; an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor; a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor to thereby form a toner image, by using a developer which contains a toner, and a carrier in which a ratio occupied by carrier particles having a particle diameter of 50 ?m or greater is equal to or smaller than 1% by number; and a transfer unit that transfers the toner image to a surface of a recording medium.

Abstract: Methods and compositions including a compound represented by formula (I): wherein n represents an integer of from 1 to 4, RHL('s) each independently represents Cl or F, and R1 represents an alkyl group having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A baroplastic includes a first resin with a first Tg; and a second resin with a second Tg that is lower than the first Tg by 20° C. or more, and has a photoreactive group.

Abstract: A method for producing a binder resin comprises polycondensing a polycondensable monomer by using a polycondensation catalyst that comprises: at least one of compounds of formula (I) or (II); and at least one of compounds represented of formula (III) or (IV), wherein weight ratio of total amount of the compounds of formula (I) or (II) to total amount of the compounds of formula (III) or (IV) is from 5:95 to 95:5: wherein R1 represents a C8-C20 straight-chain alkyl group; R2 represents a monovalent organic group; and number n of substituents R2 represents an integer of from 0 to 4; R3—SO3H??(II) wherein R3 represents a C8-C20 straight-chain alkyl group; wherein R4 represents a C8-C20 branched alkyl group; R5 represents a monovalent organic group; and number m of substituents R5 represents an integer of from 0 to 4; and R6—SO3H??(IV) wherein R6 represents a C8-C20 branched alkyl group.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: a polyester resin containing a graft copolymer, the graft copolymer being formed with a polyester skeleton as a main chain and block copolymers containing a styrene-based polymer block and a crystalline acrylate-based polymer block. The styrene-based polymer block is grafted onto the polyester skeleton.

Abstract: A carrier for developing an electrostatic latent image includes carrier particles, and the carrier particles include magnetic particles and a coating layer coating the surfaces of the magnetic particles. The BET specific surface area of the magnetic particles is 0.1300 m2/g to 0.2500 m2/g, and the difference in BET specific surface areas obtained by subtracting the BET specific surface area of the magnetic particles from the BET specific surface area of the carrier particles is 0.0300 m2/g to 0.400 m2/g.