Abstract: A method is provided for modifying a photosensitive chemical material which controls exposure to make spectral intensity ratio constant, adjusts the pre-tilt angles of a liquid crystal orientation film easily and accurately, and gives desired properties to the photosensitive chemical material. A photosensitive chemical material is patterned by the photochemical reaction of a photosensitive chemical material. The photosensitive chemical material is irradiated with light emitted from a light source having a line spectrum having almost single wavelength between 200 nm and 300 nm (for example, a low pressure mercury lamp or a laser lamp) according to a pattern to control the reaction of the photosensitive chemical material. Also, the photosensitive chemical material is irradiated with light having a wavelength of 300 nm or longer to make the photosensitive chemical material cause a reaction to occur that selectively generates active oxygen.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source, a light conducting plate having an incident surface receiving light emitted from the light source, a back surface and a light-emitting surface, and a reflection member having a first portion facing the back surface, and a second portion located on a side opposite to a side of the light conducting plate on which the light source is located. The second portion is spaced apart from the light conducting plate so that light emitted from the light conducting plate is oriented toward an emission surface of the lighting device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to obtain an electrooptical device having a high response speed by using a spontaneously polarized ferroelectric liquid crystal. Spontaneously polarized ferroelectric liquid crystal in the smectic-A state is sealed into a proper transparent case. An electric field is applied perpendicularly to a light path direction so as to change the orientation directions of liquid crystal molecules, thereby changing the refractive index distribution. A liquid crystal electrooptical device having both deflection and focusing functions is provided by adjusting the shape of the electrodes while maintaining the polarization state of an input light beam.

Abstract: A high-resistance transparent electrode is bonded on the opposite surface of a first glass substrate from a second glass substrate, and a low-resistance transparent electrode is bonded on the opposite surface of the second glass substrate from the first glass substrate. A pair of deflecting angle control electrodes are fixed to the high-resistance transparent electrode in parallel. A liquid crystal orientation film covers the high-resistance transparent electrode and the deflecting angle control electrodes, and another liquid crystal orientation film covers the low-resistance transparent electrode. Spacers are disposed in parallel between the liquid crystal orientation films, and the cell formed by the liquid crystal orientation films and spacers is filled with a nematic liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device including a liquid crystal layer comprising a liquid crystal of a dispersed type in which liquid crystal molecules are randomly distributed so that an incident light impinging against the liquid crystal molecules scatters to produce a white display spot. A polarizer and an analyzer are arranged on either side of the first and second transparent plates. A directional backlight is arranged on the outside of the polarizer for supplying light having a directivity in the direction perpendicular to the first and second transparent plates toward the polarizer.

Abstract: The present invention sets the position of each apparatus of a detecting system and an emitting system without using a reference disk in assembling an optical head. A light signal similar to reflected light of a reference disk is generated by a light modulator comprising a Faraday rotator for rotating a plane of polarization proportionally to the current by setting a solenoid coil having a large Faraday constant set around a piece of glass and electrifying the solenoid coil, a convex lens connected to a mechanism which moves along the optical axis in accordance with the applied current, a target section having a light detecting target with a groove formed on the surface and a light reflecting member set to the groove on the optical axis and connected to a mechanism moving along the radial direction of a disk in accordance with an applied current, so as to perform positioning by using the generated signal as a servo signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laser control circuit used for an optical disc player. The laser output is digitally modulated, when recording to have high and low levels. The invention provides the laser control circuit capable of controlling the high level and the low level. The circuit is provided with a negative feedback loop in order to stabilize the laser output. Although such negative feedback loop stabilizes the average level of the laser output, the high and low levels may be fluctuated sometimes thereby. The invention also provides for supressing such level fluctuation.

Abstract: An illuminating apparatus which comprises a plane board composed of a transparent resin having an organic fluorescent dye incorporated therein and a light-reflecting member arranged on at least a part of the back surface of the plane board, wherein a light incident from at least a part of the end face of the plane board is emitted from at least a part of the surface of the plane board.

Abstract: Method and magnetic head assembly for recording and reproducing control signals in which the control signals are recorded in a control track between information tracks of a magnetic recording medium and are reproduced therefrom, said control signals being recorded with the magnetizing direction perpendicular to that of the information signals recorded in the information tracks in the same plane. Components of the control signals parallel to the magnetization direction of the information signals are detected by the magnetic head assembly in order to reproduce the control signals.

Abstract: An optical reader which comprises: at least one yellow LED array as a light source for lighting original material; an optical lens or fibers for guiding the light reflected from the original material; and an image sensor which changes the reflected light to signal waves. In embodiments of the reader, the light source includes both a yellow LED array and a green LED array with colored filters either provided over the LED arrays or on the optical lens or fibers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a magnetic head for providing azimuth information therefrom relative to a signal recorded on a magnetic tape. The magnetic head of the invention has first and second coils for providing a reproduced signal corresponding to a recorded signal on the entire width of a recording track and a reproduced signal corresponding to a recorded signal on a part of width of the said recording track.

Abstract: A crossover construction of a thermal-head is which the thermal-head comprises: a substrate of insulating material; a plurality of heat elements disposed side by side in one row on said substrate; a plurality of lower thin film conductor patterns each of which connects to each of said heat elements and extends in direction X; an insulating layer disposed over said lower conductors; a plurality of upper conductor patterns disposed in parallel in another direction Y on said insulating layer so as to form a crossover on said substrate, said upper and lower conductors being selectively connected together through openings of said insulating layer, wherein said insulating layer and said upper conductors comprise printed and cured paste of insulating material and conductive material, respectively, each paste being of the low temperature curing type which can be cured at a temperature low enough not to affect the resistance of said thin film lower conductors, and a metallic layer of low resistance is coated on each o