Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal material put between a pair of substrates each comprising a transparent electrode and an alignment layer formed thereon in such a manner that the alignment layers are arranged inside so as to face each other, characterized in that at least one of said pair of substrates has an alignment layer formed thereon, which is capable of forming two or more different alignment states of the liquid crystal by an aligning processing in one direction, and at least one of said pair of substrates has an alignment layer formed thereon which generates a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal of at least 2.degree.. The device has a high contrast and less dependency of display characteristics on the viewing angle.

Abstract: A liquid alignment layer characterized by comprising two or more types of polymers wherein a difference between the maximum SP value and the minimum SP value in said polymers being at least 1, and a liquid crystal display device provided with this liquid crystal alignment layer.

Abstract: An alignment layer for liquid crystals is disclosed. The liquid crystal alignment layer of the present invention is excellent in adhesion to the glass substrate, has a high liquid crystal alignment angle (pretilt angle) and generates a high pretilt angle with less dependence on the type of rubbing treatment methods and processing conditions such as heating temperature.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an alignment layer material for forming a liquid crystal alignment layer having an excellent adhesion to a glass substrate, having less dependency of display characteristics on the viewing angle with a high contrast.(Constitution)A composition used for an alignment layer material comprising a mixture of a polymer (A) which is a block copolymer containing a siloxane compound as a constituting component, and a homopolymer or copolymer (B) having the following repeating unit (1): ##STR1## is disclosed.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display device provided with a liquid crystal alignment layer which is excellent in adhesion to a glass substrate and which has less dependency of display characteristics upon a viewing angle.A liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates each comprising a transparent electrode having provided thereon an alignment layer wherein the alignment layers are arranged inside so as to face each other, characterized in that a mixture of a polyamide (A) containing siloxane component as a constituting unit and a polymer (B) having a property of aligning the liquid crystal in such a manner that the direction of a long axis of the liquid crystal molecule projected on the surface of the substrate is different from a rubbing direction is used as an alignment layer material of at least one of the facing surfaces on the pair of substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising an alignment film having a high capacity of orienting liquid crystal using a polyester which is stable for a long period of time even under a high humidity condition.The liquid crystal display device is characterized by using a polyester having one of the following repeating unit .vertline. and the repeating unit .parallel. or both: ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.3 are substituted or unsubstituted aromatic rings, R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 are halogen-substituted alkyl groups, and X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.