Abstract: A method implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is provided. The method may include receiving configuration information indicating (i) a set of positioning reference signal (PRS) resources and (ii) a time window to be used for phase measurement with the set of PRS resources. The method may include determining a phase difference measurement based on a first PRS of a first plurality of PRS and a second PRS of a second plurality of PRS, the first and the second PRS being received in the time window. The method may include determining a reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurement based on the first PRS of the first plurality of PRS and a third PRS of the second plurality of PRS and transmitting reporting information indicating the determined phase difference measurement and the determined RSTD measurement.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein for supporting low power high accuracy positioning (LPHAP). A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information (e.g., in a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message) from a first cell. The configuration information may indicate a first sounding reference for positioning (SRSp) configuration and a second SRSp configuration. The first SRSp configuration may be associated with a first positioning area and the second SRSp configuration may be associated with a second positioning area. The first positioning area may include a first cell ID set and the second positioning area may include a second cell ID set. The first SRSp configuration may be activated and the second SRSp configuration may be deactivated.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems for determining and communicating positioning information in a wireless communication network are provided. For example, a method implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes receiving information indicating a set of position reference signal (PRS) configurations and cluster information. Each PRS configuration is associated with a respective cluster and respective cluster information. The method also includes determining a first location of the WTRU using a first PRS configuration, selecting a cluster that encompasses the first location and is associated with a second PRS configuration, determining a second location of the WTRU based on the second PRS configuration, and transmitting second information indicating the second location of the WTRU and respective cluster information of the selected cluster.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for coverage extension. A bundle of repeated transmissions of a preamble are transmitted responsive to a reference signal received power (RSRP) being less than a threshold and a random access (RA) procedure being initiated. A random access response (RAR) window is monitored for a random access radio network temporary identity (RA-RNTI) corresponding to the repeated transmissions of the preamble. In some implementations, each of the repeated transmissions of the preamble is transmitted based on a spatial filter that is different from others of the repeated transmissions of the preamble. In some implementations, each of the repeated transmissions of the preamble comprises a preamble index that is different from preamble indices of others of the repeated transmissions of the preamble. In some implementations, the spatial filter comprises a transmission (Tx) beam. In some implementations, the bundle of repeated transmissions of the preamble comprises retransmissions of a msg1.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, receives a positioning request message from another WTRU (1402). The positioning request message indicates a request associated with one or more of a sidelink positioning reference signals, SL-PRS, transmission or a SL-PRS reception and indicates a range of one or more parameters associated with the SL-PRS transmission or reception; these parameters comprise one or more of SL-RSRP, angle of departure AoD, angle of arrival AoA, and a line of sight LOS/NLOS metric. The WTRU measures the one or more parameters indicated in the positioning request message (1404) and performs the SL-PRS transmission (1410) or the SL-PRS reception (1410) on the condition that the measured parameters are within the range indicated in the positioning request message (1408).

Abstract: A WTRU may be configured to perform adaptive on-demand positioning. The WTRU may receive configuration information for receiving positioning signals (PRSs) from a first set of one or more TRPs. For example, the configuration information may comprise PRS configuration information associated with each of the first set of TRPs. The WTRU may determine a metric (e.g., a weight, rank, etc.) associated with TRP that is not included in the first set of one or more TRPs. For example, the metric may be determined (e.g., using an AI/ML model) based on: a location associated with the TRP, a location associated with the WTRU, and/or a measurement associated with the TRP. The WTRU may send a PRS activation request to activate PRS from the TRP. For example, the PRS activation request may indicate the PRS configuration that the WTRU requests be activated, and a metric associated with that PRS configuration.

Abstract: A communication system includes a communication terminal, and a plurality of networks configured to perform radio communication with the communication terminal. A priority of at least one of a paging timing and a paging type is assigned to a paging to be transmitted from each of the plurality of networks. The communication terminal selects a corresponding one of the pagings to be received, based on the priority.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein for enabling positioning, for example, in unlicensed spectrum. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may monitor for reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals) in the unlicensed spectrum. The WTRU may fallback to a different positioning configuration. For example, the WTRU may fallback to monitor for reference signals in the unlicensed spectrum within a discovery reference signal window. For example, the WTRU may fallback to monitor for reference signals in a licensed spectrum. The WTRU may determine to fallback to a different positioning configuration, for example, based on whether reference signals are determined to be missing (e.g., consecutive missing reference signals).

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for collaborative positioning. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to perform and report positioning measurements including SL collaborative measurements. The WTRU serving as an anchor WTRU may select a set of member WTRUs for distributing the PRS measurement configurations based on the inter-WTRU distance measured over a SL. The selected subset of member WTRUs each provide measurement report to the anchor WTRU. The anchor WTRU reports to the LMF the measurements received from the member WTRUs and the associated SL distance measurements.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, receives a plurality of positioning reference signals from a plurality of terrestrial transmission points, the positioning reference signals including at least one positioning reference signal from a first terrestrial transmission point and at least one positioning signal from a second terrestrial transmission point, on condition that at least one value based on first measurements of the plurality of positioning reference signals satisfies a condition, transmits a request to initiate, at the WTRU, positioning using positioning reference signals received from satellites, received, in response to the request, information about a set of satellites, selects at least one satellite from the set of satellites, determines a second position estimate for the WTRU based on at least one positioning reference signal received from at least one selected satellite, and sends to a network node a message comprising information indicating the second position estimate for the WTRU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described herein for improved efficiency of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) transmitting uplink transmissions. A WTRU may receive configuration information including configured grant (CG) uplink resources. Further, the WTRU may determine a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process identifier (ID) based on a number of uplink slots per frame. Moreover, the WTRU may transmit an uplink transmission using the determined HARQ process ID and the CG uplink resources. In an example, the number of uplink slots per frame is determined based on a number of known downlink slots per frame. Additionally or alternatively, the number of known downlink slots per frame are included in the received configuration information. Additionally or alternatively, the number of known downlink slots per frame are included in first indication information received by the WTRU.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein associated with transmission of demodulation reference signals (DMRS) in wireless systems. DMRS symbols may be placed in a slot for channel estimation operations. For example, channel estimation performance may be enhanced based on using an increased number of DMRS symbols. Channel estimation enhancements may be performed by transmitting DMRS symbols in an extended slot, for example, to avoid data degradation (e.g., which may result from replacing data transmission symbols with DMRS symbols). An extended slot may be a slot that includes symbols spanning across multiple slots (e.g., two slots, consecutive slots), for example, such as a slot n and a slot n+1.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described for handling positioning reference signals in a wireless communication system. The positioning reference signals may be assigned priorities that may be used to facilitate various operations of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) such as positioning related services, collision avoidance, measurement and reporting, etc. The WTRU may be configured with multiple muting patterns associated with the positioning reference signals and may switch between different muting patterns based on the priorities of the positioning reference signals and/or other downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) transmissions that may overlap or collide with the positioning reference signals.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein associated with the estimation of an obstacle location. A WTRU may receive configuration information regarding reference signal (RS) resources, and transmit an RS (e.g., a sounding reference signal for positioning) using a configured resource. The WTRU may receive a signal reflected from an obstacle based on the transmission of the RS and the WTRU may perform a measurement of the reflected signal. The WTRU may report a result of the measurement to a network device to assist the network device with determining the location of the obstacle.

Abstract: A method for a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU). The method including receiving from a network configuration information indicating multiple frequency layers for positioning reference signals; and at least one activated frequency layer from among the multiple frequency layers. The frequency layers may be associated with one or more carriers for data transmission, wherein the carrier is co-located with its associated frequency layer for positioning; and bandwidth parts (BWPs) within carriers for data transmission. The WTRU may receive from the network activation/deactivation information indicating activation/deactivation of any of a secondary cell (SCell) and a BWP. The WTRU may transmit information indicating, for example, a set of frequency layers used for positioning, wherein the set of frequency layers is enabled according to any of an accuracy requirement, a latency, a measured RSRP of one frequency layer, and a measured CSI-RS corresponding to BWPs being a threshold.

Abstract: A wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to perform one or more actions. The WTRU may receive positioning configuration information. The positioning configuration information may include an indication of one or more positioning delegation candidates for the WTRU and an indication of one or more conditions for starting or stopping positioning delegation. The WTRU may detect that a condition for starting positioning delegation has been satisfied for at least one of the positioning delegation candidates. The WTRU may send an indication to a network device that the WTRU is using at least one positioning delegation candidate which has satisfied conditions. The WTRU may detect that a condition for stopping positioning delegation has been satisfied for at least one positioning delegation candidate. The WTRU may send an indication to the network device that the WTRU has stopped using at least one positioning delegation candidate for positioning.

Abstract: Provided is a communication system capable of suppressing decrease in a transmission rate. An eNB communicates with a UE using a self-contained subframe. The self-contained subframe includes a downlink signal to be transmitted from the eNB to the UE, and an uplink signal to be transmitted from the UE to the eNB in response to the downlink signal. The uplink signal has a structure including an uplink control signal indicating information for controlling transmission of the uplink signal, and uplink user data to be transmitted before and after the uplink control signal. The eNB notifies the UE of a structure of the uplink signal. The eNB may predetermine scheduling for retransmission to retransmit the downlink signal, before performing initial transmission of the downlink signal.

Abstract: A communication system includes a user apparatus; and base stations respectively configured to wirelessly communicate with the user apparatus. The base stations include a master base station and a secondary base station that configure dual connectivity for the user apparatus. The secondary base station is configured with a grant configuration related to transmission without grant in uplink to the secondary base station.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for recovering from a beam failure in a non¬terrestrial communication network are provided. A method may include receiving (610) configuration information indicating a first set of RSs including one or more first RSs associated with a first BWP of a cell, and second sets of RSs that each include one or more second RSs associated with a second BWP. The method may include determining (620) a candidate set of RSs from the plurality of second sets of RSs based on any of a location and a timing advance value associated with the WTRU, selecting (630) an RS from the candidate set of RSs that have measured signal characteristics that satisfy a threshold, and transmitting (640) a PRACH transmission associated with the selected RS in the one of the one or more second BWPs associated with the selected RS during a period in which current operation with the first BWP is suspended.

Abstract: Method, apparatus, and systems for determining and transmitting positioning information in a wireless communication network are provided. For example, a method for wireless communications comprises receiving configuration information related to a set of positioning configurations and a small data transmission (SDT), determining, based on the configuration information, that at least one positioning configuration of the set of positioning configurations satisfies a positioning requirement and is associated with a payload size being less than a data volume threshold (DVT) associated with the SDT, selecting, from the at least one positioning configuration, a positioning configuration associated with a payload size being closest to the DVT, performing a positioning measurement based on the selected positioning configuration, and sending, using an uplink resource for the SDT, a measurement report based on the selected positioning configuration and the positioning measurement.