Abstract: A fluorescent lamp according to the present invention includes: a glass tube 1 in which mercury and a rare gas are enclosed; a protective film 3 that is attached so as to cover an inner face of the glass tube 1; and a phosphor layer 4 that is laminated on the protective film 3. The protective film 3 has a thickness of 0.5 ?m to 3 ?m. Further, the protective film 3 is formed of inorganic particles and has a volume ratio of 0.1 to 0.5. Preferably, the inorganic particles are of at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, and calcium halophosphate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluorescent lamp, comprising: a glass bulb; mercury that is enclosed within the glass bulb, an amount of the mercury being from 2.2 ?g/cm3 to 8.8 ?g/cm3; a rare gas that is enclosed within the glass bulb; an electrode that is attached to the glass bulb; a protective layer that is formed on an inside surface of the glass bulb, and includes metal oxide particles and at least 50 wt % of silica, a thickness of the protective layer being from 0.5 ?m to 5.0 ?m; and a phosphor layer that is formed over the protective layer.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp according to the present invention includes: a glass tube 1 in which mercury and a rare gas are enclosed; a protective film 3 that is attached so as to cover an inner face of the glass tube 1; and a phosphor layer 4 that is laminated on the protective film 3. The protective film 3 has a thickness of 0.5 ?m to 3 ?m. Further, the protective film 3 is formed of inorganic particles and has a volume ratio of 0.1 to 0.5. Preferably, the inorganic particles are of at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, and calcium halophosphate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluorescent lamp, comprising: a glass bulb; mercury that is enclosed within the glass bulb, an amount of the mercury being from 2.2 ?g/cm3 to 8.8 ?g/cm3; a rare gas that is enclosed within the glass bulb; an electrode that is attached to the glass bulb; a protective layer that is formed on an inside surface of the glass bulb, and includes metal oxide particles and at least 50 wt % of silica, a thickness of the protective layer being from 0.5 ?m to 5.0 ?m; and a phosphor layer that is formed over the protective layer.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp highly capable of inhibiting penetration of mercury or ultraviolet ray, in which blackening of a glass tube is prevented, and which displays excellent luminous flux maintenance. The lamp has a protective film mainly composed of substantially spherical metal oxide particles, which is formed between a glass tube and a fluorescent layer on the inner surface of the glass tube.

Abstract: A polyurethane foam is constituted by using a blowing agent selected from the group consisting of iodofluorohydrocarbons, perfluoroalkenes and hydrogen-containing fluoromorpholine derivatives. These blowing agents have a low thermal conductivity and a short life in the air, and thus impose no or very small load such as ozone layer depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) on the environment. The iodofluorohydrocarbon, in particular, can give an incombustibility and self-extinguishing property to the conventionally used inflammable substance such as cyclopentane or the like, and thus is also advantageous from the viewpoint of safety of the thermal insulating material.

Abstract: There are disclosed a thermal insulating foamed material, which is superior in thermal insulating property and does not cause deterioration of the thermal insulating property with a time lapse, and a method for producing the same. According to a method for producing a thermal insulating foamed material, a foamed polyurethane resin composition having closed cells, in which at least carbon dioxide is filled, is formed by blowing a raw material mixture containing epoxides comprising at least two members of an epoxide compound having high reactivity with carbon dioxide and an epoxide compound having low reactivity with carbon dioxide, a carbon dioxide fixation catalyst, polyisocyanate, a reactive blowing agent which evolves carbon dioxide by reacting with said polyisocyanate, and a polyol composition. Then, the carbon dioxide in the closed cells is allowed to react with the epoxides in the presence of the carbon dioxide fixation catalyst, thereby to fix carbon dioxide as carbonate compounds.

Abstract: A polyurethane foam is constituted by using a blowing agent selected from the group consisting of iodofluorohydrocarbons, perfluoroalkenes and hydrogen-containing fluoromorpholine derivatives. These blowing agents have a low thermal conductivity and a short life in the air, and thus impose no or very small load such as ozone layer depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) on the environment. The iodofluorohydrocarbon, in particular, can give an incombustibility and self-extinguishing property to the conventionally used inflammable substance such as cyclopentane or the like, and thus is also advantageous from the viewpoint of safety of the thermal insulating material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermal insulating foamed material with excellent thermal insulating properties and a method of manufacturing the same. The method comprises the steps of: concurrently mixing and blowing a polyurethane material to produce a foamed polyurethane resin composition with a multiplicity of closed cells, the polyurethane material including a reactive blowing agent, a volatile compound having a boiling point of not higher than 150.degree. C. and a molecular weight of not less than 70, an epoxy compound, and a carbon dioxide fixation catalyst, wherein the closed cells are filled with the volatile compound and carbon dioxide produced by a reaction of the reactive blowing agent with a polyisocyanate; and allowing the carbon dioxide to chemically react with epoxy groups of the epoxy compound in the presence of the carbon dioxide fixation catalyst to form a solid or liquid cyclic carbonate.

Abstract: A thermal insulator of the present invention includes a foam containing solidified CO.sub.2 gas. A method for producing the thermal insulator includes the steps of: mixing a metal compound selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide and a metal hydroxide, water, a polyol component, and an isocyanate component to generate a mixture; foaming the mixture in a container to generate closed-cells made of a water-foamed polyurethane; and allowing CO.sub.2 gas generated during the foaming step to react with the selected metal compound to solidify the CO.sub.2 gas, thereby depressurizing the closed-cells in the closed-celled foam.