Abstract: A ceramic circuit substrate is suitable for silver nanoparticle bonding of semiconductor elements and has excellent close adhesiveness with a power module sealing resin. A ceramic circuit substrate has a copper plate bonded, by a braze material, to both main surfaces of a ceramic substrate including aluminum nitride or silicon nitride, the copper plate of at least one of the main surfaces being subjected to silver plating, wherein: the copper plate side surfaces are not subjected to silver plating; the thickness of the silver plating is 0.1 ?m to 1.5 ?m; and the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface roughness of the circuit substrate after silver plating is 0.1 ?m to 1.5 ?m.

Abstract: A repeater includes a reception unit, a permission signal generating unit that detects the state of the pulses of the signal, and generates a permission signal that permits a relay of the signal when the permission signal generating unit detects the pulses, and that inhibits the relay of the signal when the permission signal generating unit detects an end of the pulses, and a transmission unit. When detecting the end of the pulses, for the permission signal, the permission signal generating unit sets a pulse re-input monitoring period for determining whether or not the pulses of the signal are re-detected. When detecting the pulses of the signal during the pulse re-input monitoring period, the permission signal generating unit determines that the signal continues, and when not detecting the pulses of the signal, the permission signal generating units determines that the signal ends.

Abstract: A repeater includes: a reception unit that receives a signal in the form of pulses; a permission signal generating unit that detects the state of the pulses of the signal, and generates a permission signal that permits a relay of the signal when the permission signal generating unit detects the pulses, and that inhibits the relay of the signal when the permission signal generating unit detects an end of the pulses; and a transmission unit that transmits the signal during a time period permitted by the permission signal. When detecting the end of the pulses, for the permission signal, the permission signal generating unit sets a pulse re-input monitoring period for determining whether or not pulses of the signal are re-detected. When detecting the pulses of the signal during the pulse re-input monitoring period, the permission signal generating unit determines that the signal continues, and when not detecting the pulses of the signal, the permission signal generating units determines that the signal ends.

Abstract: A ceramic circuit substrate is suitable for silver nanoparticle bonding of semiconductor elements and has excellent close adhesiveness with a power module sealing resin. A ceramic circuit substrate has a copper plate bonded, by a braze material, to both main surfaces of a ceramic substrate including aluminum nitride or silicon nitride, the copper plate of at least one of the main surfaces being subjected to silver plating, wherein: the copper plate side surfaces are not subjected to silver plating; the thickness of the silver plating is 0.1 ?m to 1.5 ?m; and the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface roughness of the circuit substrate after silver plating is 0.1 ?m to 1.5 ?m.

Abstract: An electron gun with a truncated-cone-shaped cathode with uniform emission current density is efficiently manufactured. A manufacturing method of a cathode electron gun equipped with a supply source for diffusing oxide of a metal element on a single crystal needle of tungsten or molybdenum includes steps of forming a truncated-cone-shape having a flat plane at a single crystal edge serving as the cathode by machining beforehand, thereafter thinning and removing a front layer of the flat plane by a focused gallium ion beam, and re-flattening it.

Abstract: An electron source showing little surplus current even at a time of high angular intensity operation is provided. An electron source comprising an electron emitting portion, a suppressor electrode and an extractor electrode, wherein the electron emitting portion is present at a leading edge of an end of a single crystal rod having a shape comprising a first truncated cone portion or a cone portion, and a second truncated cone portion continuing therefrom. It is preferably the electron source, wherein the single crystal rod has an oxide of a metal element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, Hf and lanthanoide elements as a diffusion source, and the single crystal rod is made of tungsten or molybden of <100> orientation.

Abstract: In the order receiving system of the invention, a read/record controller reads image data from a memory card, produces uniquely recognizable ID information and stores the image data in a memory in association with the ID information. An order form issue section issues the user with an order form including the ID information, a thumbnail of the image data associated with the ID information and a blank field for entry of order information on the image data corresponding to the thumbnail. A scanner reads the ID information and order information from the order form filled with the order information by the user. A readout controller stores the order information in the memory in association with the image data corresponding to the ID information.

Abstract: In an exposure device according to the present invention, a plurality of exposure bands each containing multiple dots is formed on photographic paper by repeating main scanning in a main scanning direction based on image data that contains multiple pixels and the transfer of the photographic paper in a sub scanning direction. Of the multiple dots contained in each of two continuous exposure bands, the mean value of the pixel levels of two pixels corresponding to two dots with the same positional relationship for the main scanning direction is calculated to derive interpolation data. Thus, the region between the two dots neighboring in the sub scanning direction on the photographic paper is exposed on the basis of the interpolation data.

Abstract: In an exposure device according to the present invention, a plurality of exposure bands each containing multiple dots is formed on photographic paper by repeating main scanning in a main scanning direction based on image data that contains multiple pixels and the transfer of the photographic paper in a sub scanning direction. Of the multiple dots contained in each of two continuous exposure bands, the mean value of the pixel levels of two pixels corresponding to two dots with the same positional relationship for the main scanning direction is calculated to derive interpolation data. Thus, the region between the two dots neighboring in the sub scanning direction on the photographic paper is exposed on the basis of the interpolation data.

Abstract: In the order receiving system of the invention, a read/record controller reads image data from a memory card, produces uniquely recognizable ID information and stores the image data in a memory in association with the ID information. An order form issue section issues the user with an order form including the ID information, a thumbnail of the image data associated with the ID information and a blank field for entry of order information on the image data corresponding to the thumbnail. A scanner reads the ID information and order information from the order form filled with the order information by the user. A readout controller stores the order information in the memory in association with the image data corresponding to the ID information.

Abstract: In a photographic printer using a laser scanning unit for exposing a latent image corresponding to an image data on a sensitized surface of a photographic paper, intensities of the laser beams exposing the photographic paper are adjusted corresponding to a variation of an actual sensitivity of the photographic paper and deterioration of a developer with respect to nominal values of them. At least the intensities directly emitted from laser light sources, or values of optical modulation data for modulating the laser beams corresponding to the image data are varied. Alternatively, transmittances of optical elements such as polarizing beam splitters provided on optical paths are varied for adjusting the intensities of the laser beams.

Abstract: An optical scanning device which performs an exposing operation with respect to a photosensitive material such as a printing sheet, etc., by scanning with laser beams in respective colors modulated according to image data is arranged so as to modulate light beams in respective colors projected from respective light sources of a red LD, a green-color SHG laser unit and a blue-color SHG laser unit by AOMs according to image data. Then, the clock frequency control section adjusts an exposure scanning clock for each of the AOM drivers for driving these AOMs individually. It is therefore possible to suppress an aberration in color caused by a shift in light beams in respective colors which are to be projected onto the same target position.

Abstract: In a photographic printer using a laser scanning unit for exposing a latent image corresponding to an image data on a sensitized surface of a photographic paper, intensities of the laser beams exposing the photographic paper is adjusted corresponding to a variation of an actual sensitivity of the photographic paper and deterioration of a developer with respect to nominal values of them. At least the intensities directly emitted from laser light sources, or values of optical modulation data for modulating the laser beams corresponding to the image data are varied. Alternatively, transmittances of optical elements such as polarizing beam splitters provided on optical paths are varied for adjusting the intensities of the laser beams.

Abstract: An optical scanning device which performs an exposing operation with respect to a photosensitive material such as a printing sheet, etc., by scanning with laser beams in respective colors modulated according to image data is arranged so as to modulate light beams in respective colors projected from respective light sources of a red LD, a green-color SHG laser unit and a blue-color SHG laser unit by AOMs according to image data. Then, the clock frequency control section adjusts an exposure scanning clock for each of the AOM drivers for driving these AOMs individually. It is therefore possible to suppress an aberration in color caused by a shift in light beams in respective colors which are to be projected onto the same target position.