Abstract: There is provided a measuring apparatus for alcohol contained in an exhalation, the measuring apparatus measuring concentration of alcohol with a high accuracy in a short time. An alcohol sensor is provided inside an air passage to measure concentration of alcohol contained in air passing through the air passage. The alcohol sensor has a sensing element for sensing alcohol and a heating element for heating the sensing element. A suction pump is provided to the air passage so as to suction air from an inlet of the air passage. The sensing element is situated inside an air trapping chamber so that the air flowing through the air passage does not directly hit the sensing element.

Abstract: A drive mechanism of the limited slip type having driving and driven members to be drivingly connected, wherein a friction clutch is operatively associated with the driving and driven members to drivingly connect the members in its engaged condition, and a fluid pump is arranged between the driving and driven members to be driven by relative rotation therebetween and located adjacent one side of the clutch, the fluid pump being movable in a direction to effect engagement of the clutch when applied at one side thereof with a discharge pressure thereof, and wherein a communication passage for fluid circulation is connected at one end thereof to a discharge port of the pump and at the other end thereof to a suction port of the pump, and a flow control valve is disposed in the communication passage to control an amount of fluid under pressure passing through the communication passage.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a brake system for use with an automatic transmission for braking a rotatable member such as a brake drum, which is accommodated in a casing and connected to the sun gear or the like of a planetary gear mechanism, by bringing a brake band having two ends into contact with the outer circumference with the rotatable member.

Abstract: A planetary gear type speed change device having two simple planetary gear mechanisms positioned axially adjacent with one another with each carrier thereof being connected with each ring gear of the other, three clutches and three brakes assembled together between an input rotational member and an output rotational member so as to provide six monotonously changing gear ratios between the input and the output rotational members according to combinations of engagement and disengagement of the three clutches and the three brakes.

Abstract: A transmission for a vehicle wherein a single pinion type planetary gear mechanism and a double pinion type planetary gear mechanism are operatively combined by clutches and brakes in various manners to provide five or even six speed stages and a reverse stage, the overall gear ratio between the lowest speed stage and the highest speed stage thereof being relatively small in spite of the five or even six speed stages. The transmission, by further incorporating one way clutches, is generally shifted between each two adjacent speed stages by only newly putting one of the clutches or brakes into engagement or out of engagement with no need of timely related operations of other clutches or brakes.

Abstract: An automatic transmission for an automotive vehicle, having an input shaft connected to an engine of the vehicle via a primary clutch, an output shaft parallel to the input shaft and operatively connected to drive wheels of the vehicle, a plurality of pairs of gears for transmitting a drive force of the input shaft to the output shaft at different speed reduction ratios, respectively, at least one shift member for selectively placing the individual pairs of gears into an operative position, and an actuator device for automatically activating each shift member. The transmission includes a secondary clutch connected to the primary clutch by the input shaft, and disposed between the input and output shafts, an intermediate shaft disposed in a transmission line between the input and output shafts. The intermediate shaft is provided with one of the gears of each of at least one of the pairs of gears.

Abstract: A hydraulically operated friction clutch, having a driving and a driven rotary member frictionally engageable with each other, a movable member axially movable for frictional engagement of the driving and driven rotary members, and an actuator piston axially slidable by a pressure in a pressure chamber, for moving the movable member. The actuator piston has a control passage which communicates with the pressure chamber and a discharge passage. The clutch further has a shut-off valve disposed in operative association with the actuator piston and the movable member. The shut-off valve includes a closure member which is movable relative to the actuator piston and which has a first position for closing the control passage, and a second position for opening the control passage. The closure member is placed in the second position when the actuator piston has been moved to a predetermined ready-to-operate position which is a predetermined first distance away from the movable member.

Abstract: A control device for a hyudraulic friction clutch for a motor vehicle, wherein a piston is moved by a pressurized fluid supplied to a pressure chamber, to effect frictional engagement between driving and driven rotary members, and a proximity shut-off valve is disposed in the piston, for permitting the fluid to be discharged from the pressure chamber through a discharge passage when the piston has reached a ready-to-operate position from which the piston is moved to start the frictional engagement.

Abstract: A slip control system for a lock up clutch incorporated in parallel with a fluid torque converter in a transmission, including a pump incorporated in a hub member for supporting a turbine of the torque converter from an output shaft of the transmission so as to provide a delivery proportional to the difference in rotation between the input and output sides of the torque converter, and a spool valve also incorporated in the hub member to be operated by the delivery fluid pressure for engaging the lock up clutch as the delivery pressure of the pump increases, the spool valve also being overridingly operated by a fluid pressure selectively supplied from an outside fluid pressure source to completely throttle the fluid passage when desired.

Abstract: A power-assisted gear shift mechanism for a manual transmission includes a lateral casing mounted on a transmission housing, a first lateral shaft rotatably mounted within the casing and being operatively connected to a manual shift lever to be rotated in shifting operation of the shift lever, and a second lateral shaft in the form of a hollow shaft rotatably and axially slidably mounted on the first lateral shaft and being operatively connected to the manual shift lever to be axially moved in selecting operation of the shift lever, the second lateral shaft being integrally provided with a shift-and-select lever which extends into an interior of the transmission housing to be selectively engaged with a plurality of shift heads in axial movement of the second lateral shaft.

Abstract: An automatic power transmitting system for an automotive vehicle, wherein the operation of an electromagnetic clutch is automatically controlled in response to automatic shifting actions of a constant-mesh transmission by synchromesh devices. The powder clutch includes a driving rotor unit having an outer yoke and an inner yoke which cooperate to define therebetween an annular space in which a thin-walled cylindrical member of a driven rotor unit is disposed, such that the cylindrical member cooperates with at least one of the outer and inner yokes to define at least one powder gap. A small thickness of the cylindrical member assures a minimum of rotational energy consumption by the synchromesh devices. A damper may be disposed so as to connect the driven rotor unit and the input shaft of the constant-mesh transmission, so as to provide a damping effect for preventing a rapid change in an amount of torque transmitted from the driven rotor unit to the input shaft.

Abstract: An automatic power transmitting system operatively connected to an engine of an automotive vehicle, having a constant-mesh transmission with at least one synchromesh device which is operated by an actuator device to selectively establish a plurality of gear positions. The system includes a first and a second clutch which are disposed in parallel relation with each other, between between the engine of the vehicle and the constant-mesh transmission. The first clutch has a one-way clutch operable to transmit an output of the engine to the constant-mesh transmission, and is engaged while the vehicle is in a normal drive mode. The second clutch is engaged while the vehicle is in an engine brake mode. Each synchromesh device is operated to effect a shifting operation after the opening of the throttle valve of the engine is reduced, and without disengaging the first clutch before the operation of the synchromesh device.

Abstract: An automatic transmission for automobiles having a gear means, a clutch and a brake, the engagement and disengagement of the clutch and the brake being changed over for shifting speed stages, wherein one of the mutually engageable friction elements of the brake is mounted to a housing of the transmission so as to be rotationally shiftable with respect to the housing through a small angle so that forward or backward rotary shifting of the friction element operates a transducer which generates an electric signal which, by means of an electric circuit means, operates a timing valve which is electrically controlled and controls supply or exhaust of oil pressure to or from the brake.

Abstract: A rotary fluid pump of a non-lubrication type having a pump cavity formed within a cylindrical stator housing and a pair of recessed end head assembles. A drive shaft is eccentrically journalled in the end heads with a rotor mounted thereon with vanes slidably disposed in radial grooves in the rotor. A pair of sealing plates disposed between the ends of the stator having and the end heads divide the pump cavity into a pair of end chambers and an intermediate rotor chamber. An outlet port provides fluid communication between the rotor chamber and a discharge hole in one of the end chambers so that fluid passage for discharge to the atmosphere is provided through the rotor chamber, outlet port, end chamber and discharge hole.

Abstract: A rotary fluid pump of the type having a housing body and a pair of recessed end heads assembled to opposite ends of the housing. A pair of resilient sealing plates may be disposed between the side of the housing and the recessed end heads to define a rotor chamber having a rotor with slidable vanes mounted thereon. Fluid inlet and outlet ports adapted to communicate with the rotor chamber are formed either in the sealing plates or in the end heads to provide pairs of inlet and outlet ports.

Abstract: A rotary fluid pump having a rotor with carbon vanes disposed in a rotor chamber. A cylindrical aluminum sleeve is force fitted into a mating arrangement with the inner peripheral surface of the rotor housing. The aluminum sleeve reduces the friction between the housing and the vanes. The sleeve may be of the same axial length or shorter than the rotor housing. If it is equal end seal plates are employed to provide the necessary expansion gap or end washers are employed at the housing to increase the effective axial length.

Abstract: A rotary pump having a housing with a cylindrical cavity and end heads at each end to form a pump cavity. A drive shaft journaled by bearings carries a rotor having a number of movable vanes. Seal plates at each end of the pump cavity to divide it into a pair of end chambers defined by the seal plates and the end heads. Fluid inlet and discharge ports are provided in the sealing plates. The ports are formed as protrusions in the end plates towards the end chambers, as recesses therein or extending as openings into the end heads.

Abstract: A rotary fluid pump has a stator housing with a generally cylindrical cavity extending therethrough and a pair of recessed end heads assembled at opposite ends of the housing to form a pump cavity therewith. A drive shaft is journalled in the end heads by bearings and extending eccentrically into the interior of the pump cavity and a rotor is mounted on the drive shaft within the pump cavity. A pair of sealing plates of different thickness are individually disposed between the ends of the stator housing and the end heads to divide the pump cavity into a pair of end chambers defined by the end head recesses and the plates and an intermediate rotor chamber defined by the plates. A plurality of vanes are slidably disposed in an equal plurality of grooves radially formed in the rotor. The drive shaft is constrained to prevent axial displacement by stoppers, washers or a combination thereof mounted on the shaft and contacting bearings that support the shaft. The bearings are fixed to one end head.

Abstract: An automatic transmission for automobiles having a gear means, a clutch and a brake, the engagement and disengagement of the clutch and the brake being changed over four shifting speed stages, wherein one of the mutually engageable friction elements of the brake is mounted to a housing of the transmission so as to be rotatably shiftable with respect to the housing through a small angle so that forward or backward rotary shifting of the friction element mechanically operates a timing valve which controls supply or exhaust of oil pressure to or from the brake.

Abstract: An oil pressure control means for an automatic transmission having a gear mechanism, low and high speed friction engaging means and high and low speed accumulators, wherein in downshifting the operating pressure of the high speed accumulator is reduced abruptly to a level which causes slippage of the high speed friction engaging means in accordance with the rise of the oil pressure in the low speed friction engaging means up to a predetermined level and the operating pressure of the low speed accumulator is increased abruptly to a level which causes substantial engagement of the low friction engaging means in accordance with the reduction of the oil pressure in the high speed friction engaging means to a predetermined level.