Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes redundant first communication devices configured to communicate with a communication apparatus provided in a first network, and redundant second communication devices configured to communicate with a communication apparatus provided in a second network. The second communication devices include respective first ends that are ends of redundant communication paths of the first communication devices, and the first communication devices include respective second ends that are ends of redundant communication paths of the second communication devices.

Abstract: There is provided an optical transmission system in which a plurality of optical transmission and reception apparatuses perform 1-to-N transmission and reception of optical signals (N is an integer equal to or greater than 1), the optical transmission system being configured to select a communication condition that includes at least a modulation scheme or a baud rate and is a communication condition when each of the optical transmission and reception apparatuses performs transmission and reception in accordance with a transmission line condition that is between any one first optical transmission and reception apparatus and each of second optical transmission and reception apparatuses, which are N grounds, other than the first optical transmission and reception apparatus.

Abstract: There is provided an optical transmission system in which a plurality of optical transmission and reception apparatuses perform 1-to-N transmission and reception of optical signals (N is an integer equal to or greater than 1), the optical transmission system being configured to select a communication condition that includes at least a modulation scheme or a baud rate and is a communication condition when each of the optical transmission and reception apparatuses performs transmission and reception in accordance with a transmission line condition that is between any one first optical transmission and reception apparatus and each of second optical transmission and reception apparatuses, which are N grounds, other than the first optical transmission and reception apparatus.

Abstract: A state estimating device includes a pre-processing unit and an estimating unit. The pre-processing unit acquires data representing at one or more of a phase of a signal transmitted from a transmission unit of a transmission device and received at a reception unit of another transmission device via a transmission path, a reception strength, a reception quality, a voltage after conversion into an electric signal, and a signal processing parameter used in reception processing, and processes the acquired data into feature data to be used for state estimation. The estimating unit estimates a state of the transmission path, an abnormal state of the transmission unit, or an abnormal state of the reception unit, on the basis of the feature data.

Abstract: Accommodation design for wavelength and sub-? paths in a communication network is performed. If sub-? path accommodation is possible according to search for a wavelength path present in a single-hop logical route, the accommodation in the wavelength path is executed. If sub-? path accommodation is possible according to search for a wavelength path present in a multi-hop logical route, a logical route is selected based on the wavelength path and the sub-? path is accommodated in the wavelength path. Additionally, each physical route suitable for the sub-? path accommodation is searched for. If the route can accommodate a wavelength path set in a single-hop logical route by available wavelength allocation, the sub-? path is accommodated in the wavelength path. Furthermore, routes in consideration of overlapping of nodes, pipelines, and links and operation rate are selected based on information about the start and end nodes of each of redundant routes.

Abstract: Accommodation design for wavelength and sub-? paths in a communication network is performed. If sub-? path accommodation is possible according to search for a wavelength path present in a single-hop logical route, the accommodation in the wavelength path is executed. If sub-? path accommodation is possible according to search for a wavelength path present in a multi-hop logical route, a logical route is selected based on the wavelength path and the sub-? path is accommodated in the wavelength path. Additionally, each physical route suitable for the sub-? path accommodation is searched for. If the route can accommodate a wavelength path set in a single-hop logical route by available wavelength allocation, the sub-? path is accommodated in the wavelength path. Furthermore, routes in consideration of overlapping of nodes, pipelines, and links and operation rate are selected based on information about the start and end nodes of each of redundant routes.

Abstract: Accommodation design for wavelength and sub-? paths in a communication network is performed. If sub-? path accommodation is possible according to search for a wavelength path present in a single-hop logical route, the accommodation in the wavelength path is executed. If sub-? path accommodation is possible according to search for a wavelength path present in a multi-hop logical route, a logical route is selected based on the wavelength path and the sub-? path is accommodated in the wavelength path. Additionally, each physical route suitable for the sub-? path accommodation is searched for. If the route can accommodate a wavelength path set in a single-hop logical route by available wavelength allocation, the sub-? path is accommodated in the wavelength path. Furthermore, routes in consideration of overlapping of nodes, pipelines, and links and operation rate are selected based on information about the start and end nodes of each of redundant routes.

Abstract: Accommodation design for wavelength and sub-? paths in a communication network is performed. If sub-? path accommodation is possible according to search for a wavelength path present in a single-hop logical route, the accommodation in the wavelength path is executed. If sub-? path accommodation is possible according to search for a wavelength path present in a multi-hop logical route, a logical route is selected based on the wavelength path and the sub-? path is accommodated in the wavelength path. Additionally, each physical route suitable for the sub-? path accommodation is searched for. If the route can accommodate a wavelength path set in a single-hop logical route by available wavelength allocation, the sub-? path is accommodated in the wavelength path. Furthermore, routes in consideration of overlapping of nodes, pipelines, and links and operation rate are selected based on information about the start and end nodes of each of redundant routes.

Abstract: A time resolved, nonlinear complex susceptibility measuring apparatus (1) that is capable of measurement unaffected by any distortion of the wave front of a probe light whereby a temporal change in the nonlinear complex susceptibility of a nonlinear optical material that occurs when it is irradiated with a light pulse in a femtosecond range is measured using a pair of polarized lights orthogonal to each other which are formed by splitting a single light pulse into a reference and a probe light (5) and (6) in a polarized light splitting Sagnac type interference light path (8). A direction of polarization converting mechanism for rotating a direction of polarization of the reference and probe lights by an angle of 90° in the polarized light splitting Sagnac type interference light path is included to align the directions of polarization on a test specimen (3).

Abstract: A time resolved, nonlinear complex susceptibility measuring apparatus (1) that is capable of measurement unaffected by any distortion of the wave front of a probe light whereby a temporal change in the nonlinear complex susceptibility of a nonlinear optical material that occurs when it is irradiated with a light pulse in a femtosecond range is measured using a pair of polarized lights orthogonal to each other which are formed by splitting a single light pulse into a reference and a probe light (5) and (6) in a polarized light splitting Sagnac type interference light path (8). A direction of polarization converting mechanism for rotating a direction of polarization of the reference and probe lights by an angle of 90° in the polarized light splitting Sagnac type interference light path is included to align the directions of polarization on a test specimen (3).