Abstract: An adhesive structure includes: an adhesive portion to adhere to a contact object; and a low elastic portion having an elastic modulus lower than an elastic modulus of the adhesive portion. At least one of the adhesive portion and the low elastic portion has a patterned shape.

Abstract: An electrochromic element including a first electrode, second electrode facing the first electrode with gap, electrolyte layer between the first and second electrodes, and layer including a compound represented by General Formula (1) where the layer is on or above the first electrode, where R1 to R4 are each a monovalent organic group wherein no hydrogen atom is at a benzyl site where the monovalent group may include a polymerizable functional group; and R5 to R28 are each a hydrogen atom, alkyl or alkoxy group where R25 and R28, or R26 and R27 may be bonded to form a structure represented by General Formula (2), where R29 and R30 are each an alkyl, alkoxy or aryl group, and R29 and R30 may be bonded via a common bond to form a cyclic structure when R29 and R30 are aryl groups.

Abstract: An electrochromic element includes: a first electrode; an electrochromic layer on the first electrode; a second electrode; and an electrolyte layer between the electrochromic layer and the second electrode. The electrolyte layer includes a basic compound.

Abstract: A gel electrolyte includes a cured product of an electrolyte composition containing a binder resin and a supporting electrolyte. The gel electrolyte has a peeling index of 5.5 mm?1 or greater but 7.5 mm?1 or less. The peeling index is obtained by dividing a maximum stress by an integral value obtained by integrating stress based on peeling distance, where the stress, peeling distance, and maximum stress are measured by probe tack test performed at environmental condition of 25° C. by bringing stainless steel probe having diameter of 5 mm into contact with the gel electrolyte having average thickness of 700 micrometers from above the gel electrolyte at a speed of 120 mm/second, keeping the stainless steel probe under pressing load of 40 gf for a pressing load retention time of 5 seconds, and peeling the stainless steel probe in perpendicular direction at speed of 400 mm/second.

Abstract: An electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed to face the first electrode with a gap between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first electrochromic layer disposed on or above the first electrode, including conductor or semiconductor nano-structures and an electrochromic compound; and an electrolyte layer including an electrolyte, disposed between the first electrochromic layer and the second electrode, wherein the electrochromic compound is a compound represented by General Formula 1, and an anion of the electrolyte is a monovalent anion having oxidation potential higher than reduction potential of a dication of General Formula 1 by 3.1 V or greater, where X? is a monovalent anion having oxidation potential higher than reduction potential of the dication of General Formula 1 by 3.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode apart from and opposite to the first electrode; an electrolyte layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, containing an oxidizable substance or a reducible substance, or both; and at least one of an oxidizable electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the electrolyte layer, containing an oxidizable electrochromic compound, and a reducible electrochromic layer between the second electrode and the electrolyte layer, containing a reducible electrochromic compound, wherein an oxidation potential of the oxidizable substance is nobler than an oxidation potential of the oxidizable electrochromic compound, a reduction potential of the reducible substance is baser than a reduction potential of the reducible electrochromic compound, an oxidation reaction of the oxidizable substance is irreversible, and a reduction reaction of the reducible substance is irreversible.

Abstract: An electrochromic compound has a structure represented by the following general formula (1): where each of X1 to X3 independently represents a carbon atom or a silicon atom, and each of R1 to R15 independently represents a member selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a monovalent organic group, and a polymerizable functional group.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic element including: a support; an electrochromic layer over the support; an electrolyte layer over the support; and a sealant resin layer in contact with the electrochromic layer at longitudinal ends of the electrochromic layer in a layer lamination direction, wherein the electrochromic layer contains a polymerized product of an oxidatively color-developable electrochromic composition containing a radical-polymerizable compound, and the sealant resin layer contains a thermosetting material.

Abstract: Electrochromic device including: first electrode; a first auxiliary electrode; a second electrode; a second auxiliary electrode having average distance of 100 mm or less with the first auxiliary electrode; an electrochromic layer; a solid electrolyte layer; and controlling unit configured to control to apply voltage according to a driving pattern that is at least one selected from the group consisting of a first driving pattern, a second driving pattern, and an initialization driving pattern, wherein the first driving pattern is a driving pattern configured to turn the electrochromic layer into first coloring state, the second driving pattern is a driving pattern configured to turn the first coloring state into a second coloring state that has coloring density lower than coloring density of the first coloring state, and the initialization driving pattern is driving pattern for forming an initial decolored state.

Abstract: An electrochromic element including: a laminated body including a support formed of a resin, a first electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, and a second electrode layer, the support, the first electrode layer, the electrochromic layer, and the second electrode layer being disposed in the laminated body in this order; and a gel electrolyte disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein a phase separation temperature of the gel electrolyte is higher than a softening point of the support.

Abstract: An electrochromic compound has a structure represented by the following general formula (1): where each of X1 to X3 independently represents a carbon atom or a silicon atom, and each of R1 to R15 independently represents a member selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a monovalent organic group, and a polymerizable functional group.

Abstract: An electrochromic compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (1): where each of X1 to X3 independently represents a carbon atom or a silicon atom, and each of R1 to R15 independently represents a member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a monovalent organic group, and a polymerizable functional group.

Abstract: An electrochromic element is provided including: a first substrate; a first electrode overlying the first substrate; a second substrate disposed at a distance from the first electrode; a second electrode overlying the second substrate; a first electrochemical reaction layer in contact with the first electrode; a second electrochemical reaction layer in contact with the second electrode; and an electrolyte layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. One of the first electrochemical reaction layer and the second electrochemical reaction layer is in a reversibly oxidizable state and the other is in a reversibly reducible state, at least one of the first electrochemical reaction layer and the second electrochemical reaction layer is an electrochromic layer, and E1??0.8 V (vs. FC/FC+) and E2??0.8 V (vs. FC/FC+) are satisfied, where E1 and E2 represent oxidation-reduction potentials of the first electrochemical reaction layer and the second electrochemical reaction layer, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic display device including a pair of supporting substrates facing each other, a pair of electrodes each disposed on the supporting substrate and facing each other, an electrochromic display layer disposed in contact with at least one of the pair of the electrodes, and an electrolyte layer disposed between the pair of the electrode, wherein the electrochromic display layer includes a plurality of electrochromic layers exhibiting mutually different coloring colors, and the plurality of the electrochromic layers are laminated on the electrode at least in a partial area of the electrode.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode apart from and opposite to the first electrode; an electrolyte layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, containing an oxidizable substance or a reducible substance, or both; and at least one of an oxidizable electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the electrolyte layer, containing an oxidizable electrochromic compound, and a reducible electrochromic layer between the second electrode and the electrolyte layer, containing a reducible electrochromic compound, wherein an oxidation potential of the oxidizable substance is nobler than an oxidation potential of the oxidizable electrochromic compound, a reduction potential of the reducible substance is baser than a reduction potential of the reducible electrochromic compound, an oxidation reaction of the oxidizable substance is irreversible, and a reduction reaction of the reducible substance is irreversible.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic element including: a support; an electrochromic layer over the support; an electrolyte layer over the support; and a sealant resin layer in contact with the electrochromic layer at longitudinal ends of the electrochromic layer in a layer lamination direction, wherein the electrochromic layer contains a polymerized product of an oxidatively color-developable electrochromic composition containing a radical-polymerizable compound, and the sealant resin layer contains a thermosetting material.

Abstract: An electrochromic device is provided. The electrochromic device includes a first electrode, a second electrode opposed to the first electrode at an interval, and an electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The electrochromic layer contains an electrochromic material and a first ion-conducting material partially comprising a non-ion-conducting portion that does not conduct ions. The non-ion-conducting portion comprises a molecular unit structure having an atomic arrangement in which 8 or more atoms having a valence of 2 or more are bonded with each other. The atoms comprise heteroatoms in a number of 15% or less based on a total number of the atoms.

Abstract: An electrochromic element including a first electrode, second electrode facing the first electrode with gap, electrolyte layer between the first and second electrodes, and layer including a compound represented by General Formula (1) where the layer is on or above the first electrode, where R1 to R4 are each a monovalent organic group wherein no hydrogen atom is at a benzyl site where the monovalent group may include a polymerizable functional group; and R5 to R28 are each a hydrogen atom, alkyl or alkoxy group where R25 and R28, or R26 and R27 may be bonded to form a structure represented by General Formula (2), where R29 and R30 are each an alkyl, alkoxy or aryl group, and R29 and R30 may be bonded via a common bond to form a cyclic structure when R29 and R30 are aryl groups.

Abstract: An electrochromic device reversibly and controllably colored and decolored by electricity is provided. The electrochromic device is configured to control at least one of the following functions f1 and f2 based on at least one of an operating environment temperature of the electrochromic device, a continuous elapsed time of a colored state or a decolored state, and an illuminance around the electrochromic device: a function f1 of transiting to a colored state and/or limiting transition to a decolored state; and a function f2 of transiting to a decolored state and/or limiting transition to a colored state.

Abstract: An electrochromic display element is provided. The electrochromic display element includes a pair of electrodes and an electrochromic layer disposed between the electrodes. The electrochromic layer contains a solvent, a supporting electrolyte, an anodic electrochromic molecule comprising a triarylamine derivative, and a cathodic electrochromic molecule comprising a viologen derivative. Concentrations of the triarylamine derivative and the viologen derivative in the electrochromic layer are each 4 mM or more.