Abstract: An all-solid-state metal-metal battery with both high energy density and high power density is provided. The battery has an anolyte including at least one active anode metal ion conducting ceramic solid and a catholyte including at least one active cathode metal ion conducting ceramic solid sandwiched between an anode including an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal as the active anode metal and an cathode including a transition metal as the active cathode metal. Prior to the initial charge, the battery may have an anode current collector devoid of the active anode metal or a cathode current collector devoid of the active cathode metal.

Abstract: A metal-NxOy electrochemical cell is provided. The cell contains a partition which inhibits diffusion of NxOy+ active species from the cathode compartment to the anode compartment. Also provided is a rechargeable battery containing the metal-NxOy electrochemical cell. A vehicle system wherein NxOy from a combustion engine exhaust is fed to a metal-NxOy battery is additionally provided.

Abstract: A method for production of a magnesium battery with low impedance is provided. A cell is constructed comprising an uncoated current collector anode, an electrolyte system comprising a non-aqueous solvent and a magnesium salt soluble in the non-aqueous solvent, and a cathode. The cell is charged to electrodeposit magnesium metal unto the uncoated current collector to obtain an anode having magnesium metal as the active material. Also provided are rechargeable magnesium batteries obtained by the method.

Abstract: A lithium air battery is provided. The battery comprises: an anode compartment; a cathode compartment supplied with an O2 source; and a lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment. The anode compartment comprises an anode having lithium or a lithium alloy as active metal and a lithium ion electrolyte, while the cathode compartment comprises an air electrode and a sodium ion electrolyte. The anode compartment is separated from the cathode compartment by a lithium ion conductive membrane that is not permeable to sodium ions. In a preferred embodiment the cathode compartment contains an ionic liquid.

Abstract: A metal-air battery comprising an emulsified or dispersed aqueous/ionic liquid two phase electrolyte system is provided. The two phase electrolyte system contains an aqueous phase and an ionic liquid phase wherein an amount of water exceeds the aqueous solubility of the ionic liquid. In one embodiment the metal-air battery is a lithium-air battery.

Abstract: A metal-air battery comprising a two phase electrolyte system is provided. The two phase electrolyte system contains an aqueous phase and an ionic liquid phase wherein an amount of water exceeds the aqueous solubility of the ionic liquid. In one embodiment the metal-air battery is a lithium-air battery.

Abstract: A metal-nitric oxide electrochemical cell is provided. Also provided is a rechargeable battery containing the metal-nitric oxide electrochemical cell. A vehicle system wherein NO from a combustion engine exhaust is fed to a metal-nitric oxide battery is additionally provided.

Abstract: A magnesium electrochemical cell having a positive electrode containing as an active ingredient, a material of formula [V2O5]c [MaOb] d and/or a material of formula [V2O5]c[MaOb]d[MgXe]g in a metastable structural and morphological phase is provided. In the formulas M is an element selected from the group consisting of P, B, Si, Ge and Mo; and X is 0 or a halide.

Abstract: The invention provides a metal air battery with improved discharge characteristics compared to conventional ones. This is achieved by a metal air battery including a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer positioned between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, wherein the positive electrode layer includes an electroconductive material, a binder, and a SiO2 particle, and wherein the SiO2 particle has a specific surface area of 16.7 m2/g or less.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an ambient temperature molten salt having excellent electron conductivity in addition to ion conductivity. The present invention attains the object by providing an ambient temperature molten salt including a first imidazolium salt having a cationic segment represented by the general formula (1) and an anionic segment represented by MX4 (where M is a transition metal and X is a halogen); and a second salt having a cationic segment as a monovalent cation and an anionic segment as a halogen.

Abstract: A lithium air battery is provided. The battery comprises: an anode compartment; a cathode compartment supplied with an O2 source; and a lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment. The anode compartment comprises an anode having lithium or a lithium alloy as active metal and a lithium ion electrolyte, while the cathode compartment comprises an air electrode and a sodium ion electrolyte. The anode compartment is separated from the cathode compartment by a lithium ion conductive membrane that is not permeable to sodium ions. In a preferred embodiment the cathode compartment contains an ionic liquid.

Abstract: A lithium-air electrochemical cell is provided. The battery comprises: an anode compartment; a cathode compartment; and a lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment. The anode compartment comprises an anode having lithium or a lithium alloy as active metal and a lithium ion electrolyte, while the cathode compartment comprises an air electrode and an ionic liquid capable of supporting the reduction of oxygen. A lithium ion concentration in the cathode compartment is such that the lithium ion concentration is greatest at the lithium ion selective membrane and lowest at the cathode.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a battery includes a material of the formula MgxMn2O4 wherein 0?x?1 and the material has a crystal structure having an open channel formed in a single dimension or along a single dimensional axis. The crystal structure may be an analogue to CaFe2O4, CaMn2O4 or CaTi2O4.

Abstract: A magnesium electrochemical cell having a positive electrode containing a carbon cluster compound as an active material is provided. In a preferred embodiment the carbon cluster material is a comminuted fullerene.

Abstract: A cathode active composite containing an amorphous composite of vanadium oxide and an inorganic sulfide is provided. In one embodiment the composite contains vanadium pentoxide and phosphorous pentasulfide. In a further special embodiment, a cathode active material comprising a nanoparticle composite of an amorphous matrix containing vanadium, oxygen and sulfur and crystalline regions of vanadium and oxygen embedded in the matrix is provided. Electrochemical cells and a reversible battery having a cathode containing one of the cathode active composites are also provided. In specific embodiments the battery is a magnesium battery.

Abstract: A cathode active composite containing an amorphous composite of vanadium oxide and an inorganic sulfide is provided. In one embodiment the composite contains vanadium pentoxide and phosphorous pentasulfide. An elctrochemical cell and a reversible battery having a cathode containing the cathode active composite are also provided. In one embodiment the battery is a magnesium battery.

Abstract: A metal-NxOy electrochemical cell is provided. The cell contains a partition which inhibits diffusion of NxOy+ active species from the cathode compartment to the anode compartment. Also provided is a rechargeable battery containing the metal-NxOy electrochemical cell. A vehicle system wherein NxOy from a combustion engine exhaust is fed to a metal-NxOy battery is additionally provided.

Abstract: A metal-nitric oxide electrochemical cell which is fed a gas comprising nitric oxide (NO) and at least one gas selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen oxide of formula NxOy, oxygen, water vapor, a gaseous hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is provided. Also provided is a rechargeable battery containing the metal-nitrogen oxides electrochemical cell. A vehicle system wherein exhaust gas from a combustion engine serves as a feed of active cathode material to a metal-nitrogen oxides battery is additionally provided.

Abstract: A metal-nitric oxide electrochemical cell is provided. Also provided is a rechargeable battery containing the metal-nitric oxide electrochemical cell. A vehicle system wherein NO from a combustion engine exhaust is fed to a metal-nitric oxide battery is additionally provided.

Abstract: An air electrode for a metal-air battery includes an air electrode catalyst and an electrically conductive material, and the air electrode catalyst contains a layered double hydroxide. Discharge capacity can be improved by incorporating the air electrode of this invention in a metal-air battery.