Abstract: Proteins respectively having the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 17 and 32; structural genes respectively encoding the proteins, preferably respectively having the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 2, 18 and 33; an antibody capable of specifically binding to feline-derived cystatin C, feline-derived ?2 microglobulin or feline-derived ?1 microglobulin; a kit for diagnosing feline nephropathy, containing the antibody of the present invention; and a method for diagnosing feline nephropathy using the antibody of the present invention.

Abstract: Proteins respectively having the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 17 and 32; structural genes respectively encoding the proteins, preferably respectively having the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 2, 18 and 33; an antibody capable of specifically binding to feline-derived cystatin C, feline-derived ?2 microglobulin or feline-derived ?1 microglobulin; a kit for diagnosing feline nephropathy, containing the antibody of the present invention; and a method for diagnosing feline nephropathy using the antibody of the present invention.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a dielectric film on a semiconductor substrate; forming an opening in the dielectric film; forming a refractory metal film in the opening; performing a nitriding process to the refractory metal film; removing a nitride of the refractory metal film formed on a side wall of the opening; and depositing tungsten (W) in the opening from which the nitride is removed.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a dielectric film on a semiconductor substrate; forming an opening in the dielectric film; forming a refractory metal film in the opening; performing a nitriding process to the refractory metal film; removing a nitride of the refractory metal film formed on a side wall of the opening; and depositing tungsten (W) in the opening from which the nitride is removed.

Abstract: Method of controlling steel making process under atmospheric pressure, comprising forming an intimate mixture of an exhaust gas and a measured quantity of a reference gas; mass spectrometrically monitoring a sample of the mixture for the ionization currents for selected peaks with which the CO, CO.sub.2, N.sub.2 and reference gas in the sample are concerned; determining the rate or amount of decarburization of the molten steel from the measured value of the quantity of the reference gas in the mixture and the measured values of the ionization currents, and; controlling the process according to the determined value of the rate or amount of decarburization.

Abstract: Method of controlling steel making process under reduced pressures, comprising forming an intimate mixture of an exhaust gas and a measured quantity of a reference gas; mass spectrometrically monitoring a sample of the mixture for the ionization currents for selected peaks with which the CO, CO.sub.2, N.sub.2 and reference gas in the sample are concerned; determining the rate or amount of decarburization of the molten steel from the measured value of the quantity of the reference gas in the mixture and the measured values of the ionization currents, and; controlling the process according to the determined value of the rate or amount of decarburization.