Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display apparatus including (1) a liquid crystal panel including an electrodes substrate provided with pixel electrodes and counter electrodes, a counter substrate which opposes the electrodes substrate, and a liquid crystal layer containing therein liquid crystal molecules which are driven by an electric field that is generated in a substantially parallel manner with respect to a surface of the electrodes substrate when voltage is applied on the pixel electrodes and counter electrodes; and (2) a driving circuit for supplying predetermined electric signals to the pixel electrodes and the counter electrodes, wherein inclining directions of liquid crystal molecules which are closest to the electrodes substrate and those of liquid crystal molecules which are closest to the counter substrate are identical, and aligning directions of liquid crystal molecules which are closest to the electrodes substrate and those of liquid crystal molecules which are closest to the

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an in-plane switching liquid crystal display apparatus which includes forming on a TFT array substrate, a plurality of scanning signal lines, a plurality of image signal lines each crossing the scanning signal lines, thin film transistors at each intersection of the scanning signal lines and image signal lines, liquid crystal driving electrodes opposing the liquid crystal driving electrodes, and common signal lines connected to the common electrodes. Further, the method includes opposing a counter substrate to the TFT array substrate, interposing a plurality of spacers in a gap between the TFT array substrate and the counter substrate, and interposing a sealing agent in the gap between the TFT array substrate and the counter substrate so as to adhere the TFT array substrate and the counter substrate at peripheral portions thereof.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a scattering-polarizer provided between a liquid crystal and a back light for transmitting a polarization component in one direction of light from back light, but scattering and reflecting a polarization component in a direction which is orthogonal thereto: and a scattered light reflector reflecting the reflected and scattered light toward scattering-polarizer along with the polarization component in above mentioned one direction. Thus, a liquid crystal display which is inexpensive and has high display quality with reduced power consumption is obtained.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display, which permits brighter display than conventional devices, can be used in a dark place and has a simple structure, is provided. The reflective type liquid crystal display includes a polarizer provided in the front of liquid crystal, and a backside-scattering-polarizer provided in the backside of the liquid crystal to transmit a polarized light component in one direction and reflect with scattering a polarized light component orthogonal to that one direction opposite to the advancing direction of the light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus of the present invention includes an array substrate, a counter substrate, and liquid crystal that is interposed and held by a space formed by maintaining the array substrate and the counter substrate at a specified interval in a parallel manner, the liquid crystal display apparatus being of in-plane switching in which voltage is impressed on a pair of electrodes disposed on the array substrate to generate an electric field substantially parallel with respect to the array substrate surface and in which liquid crystal is driven through in-plane switching of liquid crystal molecules, wherein the array substrate is formed with a conductive film layer on a surface opposite to the surface on which the pair of electrodes are disposed. Providing a liquid crystal display apparatus with no electric charged being stored on the substrate surface thereof and no afterimages appear.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display apparatus of present invention includes a TFT array substrate on which there are formed scanning signal lines, image signal lines, thin film transistors, liquid crystal driving electrodes, common electrodes and common signal lines, a counter substrate which opposes the TFT array substrate, primary spacers for maintaining a gap between both substrates constant, secondary spacers for maintaining a gap in peripheral portions of both substrates constant, a seal member which is interposed in the gap between both substrates together with the secondary spacers and which adhere peripheral portions of both substrates, and a liquid crystal layer, wherein the in-plane retardation of the display apparatus (.DELTA.n).multidot.(d.sub.max -d.sub.min) is not less than 0 nm and not more than 20 nm, whereby variations in colors occurring in liquid crystal display apparatuses of IPS type which are due to unevenness of liquid crystal layers can be eliminated.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display composed of an array substrate; a color filter substrate; a liquid crystal material interposed therebetween; a plurality of parallely spaced gate bus lines; a plurality of parallely spaced source bus lines; a plurality of pixel electrodes; a plurality of colored layers; and a light shield portion; wherein at a central portion of the first pixel pattern, gravity center of first pixel portion provided at the central portion of the first pixel pattern corresponds to gravity center of second pixel portion provided at a central portion of the second pixel pattern; and wherein at an end portion of the first pixel pattern, with respect to each viewing angle to each pixel, each second distance between any two adjacent gravity centers of pixels provided in the second pixel pattern is reduced to be shorter by prescribed length than each corresponding first distance between any two adjacent gravity centers of pixels corresponding to gravity centers of pixels provided in the first pixel pattern,

Abstract: A circuit substrate connection method for assuring to connect the semiconductor parts or sub-circuit substrate to a main circuit substrate such as liquid crystal display panel by avoiding a short between the electrodes on the same substrate. In the present invention, photosensitive resin including conductive particulates is painted on the transparent circuit substrate, and a light is radiated from the bottom of the main circuit substrate. As the electrode of the circuit substrate shields the light, the conductive particulates are removed together with the photosensitive resin other than on the electrode by developing the main circuit substrate. Further, in the present invention, the photosensitivity resin is painted on the transparent main circuit substrate, the photosensitivity resin on the electrode on the main circuit substrate are removed, the conductive particulates are filled in the removed portion, and thus only the conductive particulates are arranged only on the electrodes.

Abstract: A route guidance display device for an automotive vehicle capable of displaying route patterns with a three-dimensional effect to enhance the viewer's comprehension of the road route situation being encountered. The display device includes a plurality of intersecting display segments indicative of corresponding possible route configurations. A depth-enhancing segment is included in a portion indicating the straight-ahead route. An intersection name display section may be separately included to display the name and related information regarding an intersection laying ahead.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device for displaying numerals in segments and in color including N common electrode divisions having interdigital configurations and striped transparent colored wires of N colors formed on the common electrode divisions in conformity therewith, with each segment containing display color elements of N+1 colors or more. The striped transparent colored layers are successively arranged in repetitive patterns, and may consist of two or more colors. The pitch of the striped transparent colored wires should provide a viewing angle within 2 minutes.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the driving timing for each segment in a segment type digital display unit can be controlled independently on the basis of either one or both of the lighting history of each segment stored in a memory section and a detected temperature from a temperature detector mounted near segments. Therefore, the discriminatability particularly at low temperatures can be improved with little influence of the temperature and lighting history of segments.