Abstract: An optical apparatus having a first lens array consisted of a plurality of lens forming reduced image in reversed orientation, a second lens array consisted of a plurality of lens arranged at corresponding positions to the lens of the first lens array and forming erected equal magnification image from the reduced image by expanding the reduced image in the given magnification, and one or more light shielding film arranged between the first lens array and the second lens array and having through openings for passing light discharged from respective lens of the first lens array at positions corresponding to respective lens of the first lens array in opposition to respective lens for passing discharged light from respective lens of the first lens array.

Abstract: A range finding apparatus includes; M photoprojectors (M: greater than one) provided in one-to-one correspondence with M range-finding axes radially extending within a virtual plane for forwardly projecting detection light along the range-finding axes; a photodetector spaced apart from the virtual plane and having N light detecting portions (N: greater than one), which serves as common photoelectric conversion means for the M photoprojectors; a range-finding axis switching device for selectively allowing the M photoprojectors to emit light; and a distance determination device for determining a distance to an object on the basis of detection values output from the N light detecting portions.

Abstract: A method includes steps of measuring a distance in a straight line to an object within a target area by means of a range finder; storing object data indicative of the measured distance in a memory; repeating the above steps a plurality of times; and comparing n-th object data with (n-1)-th object data to detect whether the object changes in distance to the range finder; whereby recognizing a behavior of the object, and a system includes; a range finder for measuring a distance in a straight line to an object within a target area to output distance data corresponding to the measured distance means for periodically sampling the output distance data; a memory for storing the sampled distance data as object data and means for comparing n-th object data with (n-1)-th object data to output a judging signal representing whether the object changes in distance to the range finder when a difference between both the object data exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: An optical apparatus having a first lens array consisted of a plurality of lens forming reduced image in reversed orientation, a second lens array consisted of a plurality of lens arranged at corresponding positions to the lens of the first lens array and forming erected equal magnification image from the reduced image by expanding the reduced image in the given magnification, and one or more light shielding film arranged between the first lens array and the second lens array and having through openings for passing light discharged from respective lens of the first lens array at positions corresponding to respective lens of the first lens array in opposition to respective lens for passing discharged light from respective lens of the first lens array.

Abstract: A multicolor printing device comprising a latent image formation device, which forms an electrostatic latent image selectively corresponding to a plurality of colors on a latent image formation medium, and a plurality of developing devices which develop respectively the colors of the electrostatic latent image, wherein a developable regions are selectively defined in the latent image with regard to the colors of the plurality of developing devices.

Abstract: A timing pulse generator for producing timing pulses the period of which is variable. In the timing pulse generator, a plurality of reference pulse trains are produced which have the same frequency as each other, but different phases from each other. Then, each of the pulses comprising the final timing pulses to be produced is created by suitably selecting one of the pulses from among the reference pulse trains, sequentially.

Abstract: A non-impact printer comprising: a light source; a light modulator; a light modulation controller including a print timing control pulse generator; a light beam reflector made of a polygonal mirror; and a photoconductor drum upon which a modulated light beam scans an area used for scanning, wherein the print timing control pulse generator further includes a compensating means basically comprised of a means for measuring the respective scanning times required for scanning the respective lines to be scanned on the area used for scanning and a means for adjusting the periods of the print timing control pulses in accordance with each scanning time, thereby the same number of print timing control pulses can always be produced for every line to be scanned on the area used for scanning.