Abstract: An anonymous signature system in which a signature ? is anonymized by an agent specified by a signer, includes computers each including a memory and a processor configured to, from a security parameter, generate a system parameter ? independent of the agent; from ?, generate an agent secret key w and an agent public key gA; from ?, generate a secret key x and a public key y of the signer; from x, a message m on which ? is to be put, and gA, generate ? to be put on m; from an identifier i of the signer, w, ?, a ring L representing a group to which the signer belongs, a list yL of public keys y of signers in L, and m, generate a ring signature ?? by anonymizing ?; and from L, yL, m, and ??, output a verification result b form.

Abstract: A key exchange system, for generating a shared key for performing encrypted communication between multiple communication devices, includes the multiple communication devices. Each of the multiple communication devices includes a memory, and a processor configured to generate a short term private key by using a private key, generate a short term public key on one of asymmetric pairing groups used for the ID based encryption, by using the short term private key, and generate a shared key for performing encrypted communication with another communication device by performing a first pairing operation using a private key generated on another one of the asymmetric pairing groups and a short term public key generated in the other communication device, and performing a second pairing operation using the short term private key of the communication device and public information used in generating a private key of the other communication device.

Abstract: A key exchange system in which a shared key is generated for executing encrypted communication between communication apparatuses according to an authenticated key exchange protocol using ID-based encryption, wherein each communication apparatus includes a memory and a processor configured to generate a short-term private key by using a private key of the communication apparatus; generate a short-term public key of the communication apparatus by using the short-term private key; generate private information on the communication apparatus by using the short-term private key, a short-term public key generated by another communication apparatus, and public information generated by the communication apparatus and said another communication apparatus or public information generated by a key delivering center; and generate the shared key for executing encrypted communication with said another communication apparatus by executing a pairing operation using the private key of the communication apparatus and the private

Abstract: A key exchange system in which a shared key is generated for executing encrypted communication between communication apparatuses according to an authenticated key exchange protocol using ID-based encryption, wherein each communication apparatus includes a memory and a processor configured to generate a short-term private key by using a private key of the communication apparatus; generate a short-term public key of the communication apparatus by using the short-term private key; generate private information on the communication apparatus by using the short-term private key, a short-term public key generated by another communication apparatus, and public information generated by the communication apparatus and said another communication apparatus or public information generated by a key delivering center; and generate the shared key for executing encrypted communication with said another communication apparatus by executing a pairing operation using the private key of the communication apparatus and the private

Abstract: An anonymous signature system in which a signature ? is anonymized by an agent specified by a signer, includes computers each including a memory and a processor configured to, from a security parameter, generate a system parameter ? independent of the agent; from ?, generate an agent secret key w and an agent public key gA; from ?, generate a secret key x and a public key y of the signer; from x, a message m on which ? is to be put, and gA, generate ? to be put on m; from an identifier i of the signer, w, ?, a ring L representing a group to which the signer belongs, a list yL of public keys y of signers in L, and m, generate a ring signature ?? by anonymizing ?; and from L, yL, m, and ??, output a verification result b form.

Abstract: A key exchange system, for generating a shared key for performing encrypted communication between multiple communication devices, includes the multiple communication devices. Each of the multiple communication devices includes a memory, and a processor configured to generate a short term private key by using a private key, generate a short term public key on one of asymmetric pairing groups used for the ID based encryption, by using the short term private key, and generate a shared key for performing encrypted communication with another communication device by performing a first pairing operation using a private key generated on another one of the asymmetric pairing groups and a short term public key generated in the other communication device, and performing a second pairing operation using the short term private key of the communication device and public information used in generating a private key of the other communication device.

Abstract: A recipient identifier and communication condition information stored in a recipient-identifier storing unit are encrypted by an identifier-for-disclosure creating unit of a recipient terminal to create an identifier-for-disclosure. An identifier-for-disclosure notifying unit notifies a sender terminal of the identifier-for-disclosure. When a communication request using the identifier-for-disclosure is sent from the recipient terminal, a restoring unit of a relay system extracts the communication condition information from the identifier-for-disclosure. Only when communication conditions included in the communication condition information are satisfied, communication between the recipient terminal and the sender terminal is established.

Abstract: A recipient identifier and communication condition information stored in a recipient-identifier storing unit are encrypted by an identifier-for-disclosure creating unit of a recipient terminal to create an identifier-for-disclosure. An identifier-for-disclosure notifying unit notifies a sender terminal of the identifier-for-disclosure. When a communication request using the identifier-for-disclosure is sent from the recipient terminal, a restoring unit of a relay system extracts the communication condition information from the identifier-for-disclosure. Only when communication conditions included in the communication condition information are satisfied, communication between the recipient terminal and the sender terminal is established.

Abstract: Two El Gamal ciphertexts, which are input to a two-input two-output unit switching gates SW forming a permutation network, are randomized with a random number and randomly permuted, and a zero-knowledge proof, which proves the correspondence between the inputs and outputs of the switching gates SW, is output to a verifier without revealing the random number and the random permutation. A decryption unit decrypts ciphertexts from a unit switching gate SW in he last column through the use of a secret key, and proves in zero-knowledge the validity of the decryption without revealing the secret key. A verification unit verifies the proof of each unit switching gate and the proof of the decryption unit.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube includes a glass envelope having a panel with an inner surface formed with a phosphor screen, and a cylindrical neck extending substantially coaxially with a tube axis. An electron gun is arranged in the neck, and a stem is welded to an end of the neck. The stem has a substantially circular disk-like flare made of glass and having an outer peripheral portion welded to the end of the neck, and a plurality of stem pins attached to the flare. The end of the neck and the flare of the stem are welded to each other such that a glass portion of the flare surrounds a glass portion of the end of the neck from outside.

Abstract: In a color cathode ray tube, inner lead pin segments which extend inside the neck of a funnel constituting an vacuum envelope, outer lead pin segments which are led out of the neck and interconnecting wires which respectively connect both lead pin segments together are provided in a stem for sealing the end portion of the neck. The inner lead pin segments are arranged along a first circumference and are supported by respective projections protruding from the stem. The outer lead pin segments are arranged along a second circumference having a larger diameter than that of the first circumference. The inner lead pin segments are connected to the respective outer lead pin segments by the respective interconnecting wires which are bent in the stem and the respective projections.

Abstract: In an apparatus for calculating m-multiplication of a rational point over an elliptic curve defined over a finite field, a base-&phgr; expansion part calculates c0, c1, . . .

Abstract: A color picture tube which prevents a change in convergence due to current leaked from a resistor during operation of the color picture, thus, providing a stable and satisfactory convergence characteristic in the overall region of the screen. The color picture tube comprises a main electron lens portion, a deflection yoke, and an inline electron gun that includes an electron beam generating portion for generating three electron beams in line consisting of a center beam and a pair of side beams. Distances between the center axis of the center beam passage hole and that of each of the side beam passage holes in a first electrode (G5), a second electrode (GM) and a third electrode (G6) are represented by Sg(1), Sg(2) and Sg(3). The first and second electrodes are separated by a gap L(1); and the second and third electrodes are separated by a gap L(2). The distance Sg(2) is set to satisfy the relationship: Sg(2)={L(1)×Sg(3)+L(2)×Sg(1)}/{L(1)+L(2)}.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube apparatus comprising an electron gun assembly of inline type including an electron beam generating section designed to emit three electron beams having axes extending in the same horizontal plane and a main electron lens section designed to focus the three electron beams emitted from the electron beam generating section. The main electron lens section has at least three grids G5, GM and G6 arranged in the order mentioned from the cathode side. The distance between the axis of the hole for guiding the center beam, made in the grid most close to the cathode side, and the axis of either hole for guiding a side beam, made in this gird, is shorter than the distance between the common axis of the coaxial holes for guiding the center beam, made in the control, accelerating and focusing electrodes constituting the electron beam generating section, and the common axis of either group coaxial holes for guiding a side beam, made in these control, accelerating and focusing electrodes.