Abstract: An intermediate transfer member for use in an image forming apparatus in which a toner image is formed on a photoreceptor, firstly transferred from the photoreceptor to the intermediate transfer member, and further secondly transferred from the intermediate transfer member to a recording medium, the intermediate transfer member, includes an intermediate transfer belt containing a volatile substance in a range of from 10 to 10,000 ppm as an average concentration of an entire intermediate transfer belt thereof.

Abstract: Provided are a photoreceptor, an image forming method, an image forming apparatus and a processing cartridge exhibiting an excellent effect on high quality toner images with no image defect caused by occurrence of fog, lowered image density and sharpness, or generation of black spots. Disclosed also is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electrically conductive support containing aluminum, an uppermost layer, and at least an intermediate layer containing inorganic particles and binder, the intermediate layer being provided between the support and the uppermost layer, wherein the support has on a surface of the support crystallizing material particles having a diameter of 0.3-10 ?m in an amount of being 0.5-20 per (20 ?m)2, the inorganic particles have a number average primary particle diameter of 5-300 nm, the intermediate layer is an insulating layer and covered by the uppermost layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a toner image is disclosed. The photoreceptor is installed so that the center axis of the cylinder is to be almost horizontal, front edge of the cleaning blade is pressed against surface of the photoreceptor at the top, ratio of width of the photosensitive layer of the photoreceptor to length of the cylindrical electroconductive substrate is 80/100 to 99/100, and a number ratio of toner particles having a shape coefficient of 1.2 to 1.6 is at least 65 percent in the toner particles.

Abstract: A method of forming a toner image is disclosed. The photoreceptor is installed so that the center axis of the cylinder is to be almost horizontal, front edge of the cleaning blade is pressed against surface of the photoreceptor at the top, ratio of width of the photosensitive layer of the photoreceptor to length of the cylindrical electroconductive substrate is 80/100 to 99/100, and a number ratio of toner particles having a shape coefficient of 1.2 to 1.6 is at least 65 percent in the toner particles.

Abstract: A toner cleaning device for removing toner which remains on an organic photoreceptor is provided. The toner cleaning device can include a cleaning blade, a support member of the cleaning blade and a damping material. An image forming method is also provided. The method includes removing toner which remains on an organic photoreceptor by using the toner cleaning device.

Abstract: A cleaning device for cleaning a toner from a surface of a cylindrical latent image carrier having; a cleaning blade mechanism which includes a cleaning blade arranged so that a tip edge portion on a first surface of the cleaning blade contacts with the surface of the cylindrical latent image carrier, and a supporting member positioned on a second surface at a base end portion of the cleaning blade to urge the cleaning blade to contact with the surface of the cylindrical latent image carrier; and a laminar vibration-damping member whose base end portion is held by the supporting member on the second surface of the cleaning blade, wherein, on a tip end portion of the vibration-damping member, a plurality of slits are formed so that a plurality of tab portions are formed to be arranged in the axial direction of the cylindrical latent image carrier.

Abstract: A method of forming a toner image is disclosed. The photoreceptor is installed so that the center axis of the cylinder is to be almost horizontal, front edge of the cleaning blade is pressed against surface of the photoreceptor at the top, ratio of width of the photosensitive layer of the photoreceptor to length of the cylindrical electroconductive substrate is 80/100 to 99/100, and a number ratio of toner particles having a shape coefficient of 1.2 to 1.6 is at least 65 percent in the toner particles.

Abstract: A photoreceptor for forming an electrostatic latent image is disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises a photosensitive layer and a resin layer wherein a resin of the resin layer comprises an organic polymer component, siloxane component and charge transportable component.

Abstract: A cleaning device for cleaning a toner from a surface of a cylindrical latent image carrier having; a cleaning blade mechanism which includes a cleaning blade arranged so that a tip edge portion on a first surface of the cleaning blade contacts with the surface of the cylindrical latent image carrier, and a supporting member positioned on a second surface at a base end portion of the cleaning blade to urge the cleaning blade to contact with the surface of the cylindrical latent image carrier; and a laminar vibration-damping member whose base end portion is held by the supporting member on the second surface of the cleaning blade, wherein, on a tip end portion of the vibration-damping member, a plurality of slits are formed so that a plurality of tab portions are formed to be arranged in the axial direction of the cylindrical latent image carrier.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising: the steps of developing an electronic latent image formed on an organic photoreceptor with a developer containing a toner; transferring a toner image formed by the developing on the photoreceptor onto a transfer material; and then removing toner which remains on the organic photoconductor employing a toner cleaner device comprising a cleaning blade, a supporting member of the cleaning blade, and a damping material. The cleaning blade and the supporting member are partially joined in parallel to each other, and the damping material is adhered onto either the cleaning blade or the supporting member.

Abstract: A method of forming a toner image is disclosed. The photoreceptor is installed so that the center axis of the cylinder is to be almost horizontal, front edge of the cleaning blade is pressed against surface of the photoreceptor at the top, radio of width of the photosensitive layer of the photoreceptor to length of the cylindrical electroconductive substrate is 80/100 to 99/100, and a number ratio of toner particles having a shape coefficient of 1.2 to 1.6 is at least 65 percent in the toner particles.

Abstract: A photoreceptor for forming an electrostatic latent image is disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises a photosensitive layer and a resin layer wherein a resin of the resin layer comprises an organic polymer component, siloxane component and charge transportable component.

Abstract: A transparent substrate for the electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The substrate is cylindrical and made of a polymer resin, and Rz of an inner surface of the cylindrical substrate is not more than 0.5 .mu.m. The electrophotographic photoreceptor employing the substrate is suitably used for imagewise exposure of the electrophotographic photoreceptor from the inside of the cylindrical substrate. An image forming method employing the photoreceptor is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming manhood using the same are disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises a sublayer between the support and the photosensitive layer containing fine resin particles. A clear and sharp image is formed without generating interference fringes.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising an insulating support and provided thereon, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer, wherein said conductive layer has a work function W (eV), said intermediate layer has an ionization potential Ip (eV) and a relationship between the work function W (eV) and the ionization potential Ip (eV) satisfies Formula 1:Ip>W+0.5.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing an intermediate layer provide between a support and a photosensitive layer is disclosed. The intermediate layer contains at least one of an organic metal compound and a silane coupling agent or a product therefrom and its membranaceous index is 0.5 or more and 10 or less. The electrophotographic photoreceptor has low residual potential wherein no image defects such as spotting are caused over a long period of use.

Abstract: A method of producing a substrate for a photoreceptor having an exposing device therein for use in an electrophotographic apparatus, including the steps of: injecting polymerizable liquid material into a die whose inner surface is cylindrical; polymerizing the polymerizable liquid material while rotating and heating the die so that a substrate is formed inside the die; and removing the substrate from the die after the polymerizing, wherein the polymerizable liquid material is a transparent resin material and a thickness of the substrate is controlled according to an injecting amount of the polymerizable liquid material.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on the substrate. The photosensitive layer comprises titanylphthalocyanine having a peak at a Bragg angle 2.theta. of 27.2.degree..+-.2.degree. in the Cu-K.alpha. X ray-diffraction spectrum thereof and an alkyldiol which has 3 to 12 carbon atoms and the two hydroxyl group is bonded to carbon atoms arranged at different position in the molecular thereof. The amount of the diol is 0.1 to 1000 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the titanyl-phthalocyanine.