Abstract: An in-vehicle apparatus is mounted in a vehicle and detects fraudulence in a message transmitted by an in-vehicle network. The in-vehicle apparatus includes a control unit that controls a process related to detection of a fraudulence in the message. The control unit provisionally detects whether a plurality of signals included in the acquired message are fraudulent. The control unit determines whether a target signal out of the plurality of signals including a signal provisionally detected as being fraudulent has a fail value. If the target signal has the fail value, the control unit detects whether the target signal included in the message is fraudulent, based on the signals other than the target signal out of the plurality of signals included in the message.

Abstract: An unauthorized message in an in-vehicle network is more accurately detected. A detection device includes: a monitoring unit configured to monitor, as target messages, an authorized message being periodically transmitted and the unauthorized message in the in-vehicle network, and monitor a reference message being periodically transmitted; a calculation unit configured to, based on a monitoring result of the monitoring unit, calculate a time difference between a time corresponding to a transmission time of the target message and a time corresponding to a transmission time of the reference message; and a detection unit configured to, based on the time difference calculated by the calculation unit, perform a detection process of detecting the unauthorized message.

Abstract: A detection device includes: a monitoring unit configured to monitor, as target messages, an authorized message being periodically transmitted and the unauthorized message in the in-vehicle network; and a generation unit configured to generate a reference time to be used in a detection process of detecting the unauthorized message; a detection unit configured to perform detection process, based on time difference between a time corresponding to a transmission time of target message based on a monitoring result of the monitoring unit, and the reference time generated by the generation unit. When target message has been determined to be abnormal in the detection process, the generation unit, based on a value obtained by adding a latest statistical value to the reference time, generates a new reference time to be used in the detection process for a target message to be transmitted after the target message having been determined to be abnormal.

Abstract: An ultrasonic treatment instrument includes: a vibration transmitter including a treatment portion for treating a living tissue at a distal end of the vibration transmitter, the vibration transmitter being configured to transfer ultrasonic vibration from a proximal end of the vibration transmitter toward the treatment portion; a holder configured to open and close with respect to the treatment portion; a resin pad including a gripping surface for gripping the living tissue between the resin pad and the treatment portion; and a heat transmitter that is configured separately from the holder and extends from the holder to an inside of the resin pad.

Abstract: A substitution apparatus for installation in a vehicle in which a plurality of in-vehicle control apparatuses are implemented, the substitution apparatus including a control unit and a substitute unit. The control unit is configured to control the substitute unit based on transmission data transmitted from the in-vehicle control apparatuses, specify an abnormal in-vehicle control apparatus based on the transmission data, disable the specified abnormal in-vehicle control apparatus, and apply, to the substitute unit, a program for exhibiting functions otherwise normally executed by the specified abnormal in-vehicle control apparatus. The substitute unit is configured to substitute for the disabled in-vehicle control apparatus by executing the applied program.

Abstract: A control unit of a determination device obtains a plurality of pieces of first data and second data, derives determination data based on the first data, specifies, from among a plurality of combinations of identifiers for respectively identifying the pieces of first data and an identifier for identifying the second data, based on the second data and the determination data, a valid combination including the identifiers of valid first data and second data, and an invalid combination including the identifiers of invalid first data or second data, and determines, based on a plurality of identifiers included in the specified invalid combination and a plurality of identifiers included in the valid combination, whether the first data or the second data is invalid.

Abstract: A detection device configured to detect an unauthorized message in an in-vehicle network installed in a vehicle includes: a monitoring unit configured to monitor messages transmitted in the in-vehicle network; a calculation unit configured to, on the basis of a monitoring result by the monitoring unit, calculate a statistic value regarding target messages that have been transmitted in the in-vehicle network in a predetermined period and that are each a message having identification information provided for each kind of target information to be used in the vehicle; and a detection unit configured to perform a detection process of detecting the unauthorized message on the basis of the statistic value calculated by the calculation unit.

Abstract: A detection device includes: an acquisition unit configured to acquire a target distribution that is a distribution of reception intervals of periodic messages transmitted in an in-vehicle network; an extraction unit configured to extract a part of the target distribution acquired by the acquisition unit, in accordance with a predetermined criterion; and a detection unit configured to perform a detection process of detecting an unauthorized message, based on the part, of the target distribution, extracted by the extraction unit.

Abstract: Ultrasonic treatment device includes a blade configured to apply ultrasonic vibrations to target tissue and a jaw movable relative to the blade between open and closed configurations. In some examples, the jaw includes a base having an inner channel and a plurality of slots in communication with the inner channel, and a pad having a plurality of protrusions, each protrusion configured to be received within a different slot of the plurality of slots. In further examples, the jaw includes a base having a pair of side walls defining an inner channel, one of the side walls including a rail member extending into the channel, and a pad having a single groove for receiving the rail member when the pad is positioned within the channel. A surface of the groove is configured to contact a surface of the rail when a force is applied against a grasping surface of the pad.

Abstract: A detection device includes: a monitoring unit configured to monitor, as target messages, an authorized message being periodically transmitted and the unauthorized message in the in-vehicle network; and a generation unit configured to generate a reference time to be used in a detection process of detecting the unauthorized message; a detection unit configured to perform detection process, based on time difference between a time corresponding to a transmission time of target message based on a monitoring result of the monitoring unit, and the reference time generated by the generation unit. When target message has been determined to be abnormal in the detection process, the generation unit, based on a value obtained by adding a latest statistical value to the reference time, generates a new reference time to be used in the detection process for a target message to be transmitted after the target message having been determined to be abnormal.

Abstract: An unauthorized message in an in-vehicle network is more accurately detected. A detection device includes: a monitoring unit configured to monitor, as target messages, an authorized message being periodically transmitted and the unauthorized message in the in-vehicle network, and monitor a reference message being periodically transmitted; a calculation unit configured to, based on a monitoring result of the monitoring unit, calculate a time difference between a time corresponding to a transmission time of the target message and a time corresponding to a transmission time of the reference message; and a detection unit configured to, based on the time difference calculated by the calculation unit, perform a detection process of detecting the unauthorized message.

Abstract: A substitution apparatus for installation in a vehicle in which a plurality of in-vehicle control apparatuses are implemented, the substitution apparatus including a control unit and a substitute unit. The control unit is configured to control the substitute unit based on transmission data transmitted from the in-vehicle control apparatuses, specify an abnormal in-vehicle control apparatus based on the transmission data, disable the specified abnormal in-vehicle control apparatus, and apply, to the substitute unit, a program for exhibiting functions otherwise normally executed by the specified abnormal in-vehicle control apparatus. The substitute unit is configured to substitute for the disabled in-vehicle control apparatus by executing the applied program.

Abstract: A method for extracting metal ions by contacting an aqueous solution containing the metal ions with an acidic phosphoric acid ester, characterized in that as the acidic phosphoric acid ester, an acidic phosphoric acid ester of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkylphenyl group having from 7 to 18 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, is used.

Abstract: A method for extracting metal ions by contacting an aqueous solution containing the metal ions with an acidic phosphoric acid ester, characterized in that as the acidic phosphoric acid ester, an acidic phosphoric acid ester of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkylphenyl group having from 7 to 18 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, is used.