Abstract: A cutting tool comprises a substrate and an AlTiN layer, the AlTiN layer including a first major surface and a second major surface, the AlTiN layer including a first region having a distance of 0 nm or more and 30 nm or less from the first major surface and having a maximum oxygen content ratio of 30 atomic % or more, a second region having a distance of more than 30 nm and 100 nm or less from the first major surface and having a maximum oxygen content ratio of 5 atomic % or more and less than 30 atomic %, and a third region having a distance exceeding 100 nm from the first major surface and having a maximum oxygen content ratio of less than 5 atomic %.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprises a substrate and an AlTiN layer, the AlTiN layer including cubic AlxTi(1-x)N crystal grains, an atomic ratio x of Al in the AlxTi(1-x)N being 0.7 or more and 0.95 or less, the AlTiN layer including a first major surface on a side of a surface of the cutting tool and a second major surface on a side of the substrate, the AlTiN layer including a first region having a distance of 0 nm or more and 100 nm or less from the first major surface, and a second region having a distance of more than 100 nm and 150 nm or less from the first major surface, the first region having a maximum oxygen content ratio of 5 atomic % or more and 30 atomic % or less, the second region having a maximum oxygen content ratio of less than 5 atomic %.

Abstract: Provided is a cutting tool including a base material and a coating layer provided on the base material, the coating layer including a titanium carbonitride layer provided on the base material, an intermediate layer provided on the titanium carbonitride layer in contact therewith, and an alumina layer provided on the intermediate layer in contact therewith, the intermediate layer being composed of a compound made of titanium, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, the intermediate layer having a thickness of more than 1 ?m, when PN1 atomic % represents an atomic ratio of the nitrogen in an interface between the intermediate layer and the alumina layer, and PN2 atomic % represents an atomic ratio of the nitrogen at a point A away from the interface by 1 ?m on a side of the intermediate layer, a ratio PN1/PN2 of the PN1 to the PN2 being more than or equal to 1.03.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprises a substrate and a coating that coats the substrate, the coating including an ?-alumina layer, the ?-alumina layer including crystal grains of ?-alumina, the ?-alumina layer including a lower portion and an upper portion, the upper portion being occupied in area at a ratio of 50% or more by crystal grains of ?-alumina having (006) plane with a normal thereto having a direction within ±15° with respect to a direction of a normal to the second interface, the lower portion being occupied in area at a ratio of 5% or more and less than 50% by crystal grains of ?-alumina having (012) plane, (104) plane, (110) plane, (113) plane, (116) plane, (300) plane, (214) plane and (006) plane each with a normal thereto having a direction within ±15° with respect to the direction of the normal to the second interface.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprises a substrate and a coating that coats the substrate, the coating including an ?-alumina layer, the ?-alumina layer including crystal grains of ?-alumina, the ?-alumina layer including a lower portion and an upper portion, the upper portion being occupied in area at a ratio of 50% or more by crystal grains of ?-alumina having (006) plane with a normal thereto having a direction within ±15° with respect to a direction of a normal to the second interface, the lower portion being occupied in area at a ratio of 5% or more and less than 50% by crystal grains of ?-alumina having (012) plane, (104) plane, (110) plane, (113) plane, (116) plane, (300) plane, (214) plane and (006) plane each with a normal thereto having a direction within t 15° with respect to the direction of the normal to the second interface.

Abstract: This invention relates to a suction-type smoke sensing system which detects smoke with high accuracy and rapidly and identifies a fire occurrence spot quickly. The system of the present invention is provided with a piping for sucking air in each region to be inspected, a photoelectric smoke sensor which, when air in each of the regions to be inspected is sucked, senses mixing of smoke in the air, and a control unit which sucks the air in the region to be inspected and is electrically connected to the photoelectric smoke sensor so as to receive and process a detection signal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a suction-type smoke sensing system which detects smoke with high accuracy and rapidly and identifies a fire occurrence spot quickly. The system of the present invention is provided with a piping for sucking air in each region to be inspected, a photoelectric smoke sensor which, when air in each of the regions to be inspected is sucked, senses mixing of smoke in the air, and a control unit which sucks the air in the region to be inspected and is electrically connected to the photoelectric smoke sensor so as to receive and process a detection signal.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (1): (wherein the carbon atom denoted by * is in the R-configuration; R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyamino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a sulfamoyl group, a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C1-C6 alkoxy group, a C1-C6 alkylsulfanyl group, a C1-C6 alkylsulfinyl group or a C1-C6 alkylsulfonyl group; and A is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, represented by the formula (1), (wherein, the carbon atom marked with an * is in the R-configuration, R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyamino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a sulfamoyl group, a C1-C6 alkyl group, or a C1-C6 alkoxy group, R2 represents a C3-C6 cycloalkylsulfanyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkylsulfinyl group, or a C3-C6 cycloalkylsulfonyl group, and A represents a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group).

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, represented by the formula (1), (wherein, the carbon atom marked with an * is in the R-configuration, R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyamino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a sulfamoyl group, a C1-C6 alkyl group, or a C1-C6 alkoxy group, R2 represents a C3-C6 cycloalkylsulfanyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkylsulfinyl group, or a C3-C6 cycloalkylsulfonyl group, and A represents a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group).

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (1): (wherein the carbon atom denoted by * is in the R-configuration; R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyamino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a sulfamoyl group, a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C1-C6 alkoxy group, a C1-C6 alkylsulfanyl group, a C1-C6 alkylsulfinyl group or a C1-C6 alkylsulfonyl group; and A is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Novel N-substituted pyrrolidine derivatives having a highly selective and potent antagonism against smooth muscle muscarine receptors and being useful for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and the like, characterized by being represented by general formula (1) wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a lower alkoxy group and a process for preparing the same.