Abstract: The electrochemical device of the present invention comprises a positive electrode (2), a negative electrode (1), a nonaqueous electrolyte and a separator (3). The separator (3) includes a porous layer (I) composed of a microporous film composed predominantly of a thermoplastic resin and a porous layer (II) containing a filler having a heat-resistant temperature of 150° C. or higher as the main component. The negative electrode (1) contains graphite having an R value of 0.1 to 0.5 and d002 of 0.338 nm or less as a negative electrode active material, where the R value is a ratio of a peak intensity at 1360 cm?1 to a peak intensity at 1580 cm?1 in an argon ion laser Raman spectrum and the d002 is a lattice spacing between 002 planes. The ratio of the graphite to the negative electrode active material is 30 mass % or more, and the nonaqueous electrolyte contains vinyl ethylene carbonate or a derivative thereof, or a dinitrile compound or acid anhydride.

Abstract: In the nonaqueous secondary battery of the present invention, a positive electrode mixture layer included in a positive electrode contains a lithium-containing complex oxide defined by the general formula LixM1yM2zM3vO2 (where, M1 represents at least one transition metal element selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni and Mn, M2 represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Zr, Ge, Nb, Al and Sn, M3 represents an element other than Li, M1 and M2, 0.97?x<1.02, 0.8?y<1.02, 0.002?z?0.05, and 0?v?0.05) and has a density of 3.5 g/cm3 or more. A nonaqueous electrolyte contains a fluorinated nitrile compound including two or more cyano groups or a cyano group and an ester group.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery comprising an electrode body which comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode laminated with a separator interposed between them, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein said negative electrode comprises graphite as a negative electrode active material, and has a coating density of at least 1.70 g/cm3, pore diameter of the maximum of less than 0.5 ?m, and the logarithmic value of differential intrusion of at least 0.14 cm3/g at the pore diameter of the maximum.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed battery including a liquid injection hole provided in a battery case and a seal that blocks the liquid injection hole, the liquid injection hole being sealed with the seal by welding the seal to a portion around the liquid injection hole in a state in which an electrolyte solution is injected into the battery case. The seal is formed of a metal body in which an aluminum layer formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and a dissimilar metal layer formed of a metal different from aluminum or an alloy of the metal are joined one on top of the other. A lead that is connected to a PTC element or a protection circuit is joined to the metal body. The joining strength between the lead and the metal body is less than the joining strength between the seal and the portion around the liquid injection hole.

Abstract: To provide a hermetically sealed battery having a seal that also serves as a terminal plate, in which the seal can be reliably welded to a battery case without causing spatters and the like while ensuring good weld strength of a lead to the seal. A seal 17 is constituted by an aluminum layer 25 that is made of aluminum or the like and is disposed on a battery case 6 side and a dissimilar metal layer 26 having less thermal conductivity than the aluminum layer 25 and is formed on the aluminum layer 25. The aluminum layer 25 has a larger size than the dissimilar metal layer 26, and an outer peripheral edge portion 25a of the aluminum layer 25 protrudes outward beyond an outer peripheral edge 26a of the dissimilar metal layer 26.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery having a positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, in which the positive electrode contains, as an active material, a lithium-containing transition metal oxide containing a metal element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Zr, Ge, Nb, Al and Sn, the positive electrode mixture layer has a density of 3.

Abstract: An electrochemical device having excellent safety at high temperature is provided by using a separator for an electrochemical device, which is made of a porous film comprising: a porous base (5) having a heat-resistant temperature of 150° C. or higher and including filler particles (3); at least one kind of shutdown resin (6) selected from the group consisting of resin A that has a melting point in a range of 80° C. to 130° C. and resin B that absorbs an electrolyte and swells due to heating, and the swelling degree is increased as the temperature rises; and a binder (4).

Abstract: A non-aqueous secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution where the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains a compound A in which a halogen group is bonded to a benzene ring and a compound B oxidized at a potential lower than that of the compound A, and the compound B is at least one selected from an aromatic compound and a heterocyclic compound. Thus, a non-aqueous secondary battery having excellent overcharging safety and being capable of ensuring storage reliability with less generation of gas during storage at a high temperature can be provided.

Abstract: A non-aqueous secondary battery is provided, which has excellent overcharging safety, less generation of gas during storage at a high temperature, and can ensure storage reliability. A non-aqueous secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains a compound A in which a halogen group is bonded to a benzene ring and an aromatic or/and heterocyclic compound B oxidized at a potential lower than that of the compound A, a content of the compound A with respect to the total non-aqueous electrolyte solution is 1% by mass to 15% by mass, and a content of the compound B with respect to the total non-aqueous electrolyte solution is 0.005% by mass to 3% by mass.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery containing a positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode comprises, as active materials, two or more lithium-containing transition metal oxides having different average particle sizes, and the lithium-containing transition metal oxide having the smallest average particle size contains one or more of Mg, Ti, Zr, Ge, Nb, Al and Sn.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery containing a positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, in which the positive electrode comprises, as active materials, three or more lithium-containing transition metal oxides having different average particle sizes, those transition metal oxides comprise a transition metal element, the transition metal element of the transition metal oxide having the smallest average particle size is partially substituted with a metal element other than the transition metal element, and the density of the positive electrode mixture layer is t 3.8 g/cm3 or more.

Abstract: A non-aqueous secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution where the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains a compound A in which a halogen group is bonded to a benzene ring and a compound B oxidized at a potential lower than that of the compound A, and the compound B is at least one selected from an aromatic compound and a heterocyclic compound. Thus, a non-aqueous secondary battery having excellent overcharging safety and being capable of ensuring storage reliability with less generation of gas during storage at a high temperature can be provided.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery comprising an electrode body which comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode laminated with a separator interposed between them, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein said negative electrode comprises graphite as a negative electrode active material, and has a coating density of at least 1.70 g/cm3, pore diameter of the maximum of less than 0.5 ?m, and the logarithmic value of differential intrusion of at least 0.14 cm3/g at the pore diameter of the maximum.

Abstract: A system and a computer program product calculates an insurance premium for environmentally hazardous substance insurance to compensate for damages in the case in which an environmentally hazardous substance is included, by accident, in a product of the insured party. The environmentally hazardous substance insurance system includes, as contracted party information relating to the insured party, at least information specifying the environmentally hazardous substance that is to be insured against, an input output process portion to input information relating to the results of analysis of the product of the contracted party; a contracted party information memory portion for at least temporarily recording the contracted party information and an insurance premium calculation portion to calculate the insurance premium based on the contracted party information stored in the contracted party information memory portion.

Abstract: A non-aqueous secondary battery includes a positive electrode 1, a negative electrode 2, a separator 3, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains an aromatic compound in an amount of 2 to 15% by mass with respect to a total mass of the electrolyte solution, the separator 3 has a MD direction and a TD direction, a heat shrinkage at 150° C. in the TD direction of 30% or less, a thickness of 5 to 20 &mgr;m, and an air permeability of 500 seconds/100 ml or less. Because of this, a non-aqueous secondary battery can be obtained, which is excellent in safety and high rate characteristics and is operated stably even at a high temperature. Furthermore, by allowing the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention to be contained in electronic equipment, the reliability of the electronic equipment can be enhanced.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary cell comprising graphite, carbon black and an aqueous binder, wherein said carbon black comprises particles having an aspect ratio of 1.0 to 5.0 and a largest particle size of 10 &mgr;m or less, which electrode has a low internal resistance and good low temperature properties.

Abstract: A non-aqueous secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution where the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains a compound Ain which a halogen group is bonded to a benzene ring and a compound B oxidized at a potential lower than that of the compound A, and the compound B is at least one selected from an aromatic compound and a heterocyclic compound. Thus, a non-aqueous secondary battery having excellent overcharging safety and being capable of ensuring storage reliability with less generation of gas during storage at a high temperature can be provided.

Abstract: A non-aqueous secondary cell comprising a wound structure, in which a positive electrode having a positive collector carrying positive active material on both sides at least at a part of the collector and a negative electrode having a negative collector carrying a negative active material on both sides at least at a part of the collector are wound with inserting a separator inbetween, and a cell can for holding said electrodes, in which the electrode, which faces the can, consists of either electrode material, the outer side of the positive collector at least in the outermost part of the positive electrode has no coating film containing a positive active material, said outer most part of the positive collector faces the negative electrode or the inner wall of the cell can through the separator, and a lead member which is welded to the negative collector does not directly face the positive electrode through the separator.

Abstract: A non-aqueous secondary cell having a positive electrode, an electrolytic solution which contains an organic solvent, and a negative electrode which is made of a carbon material having a ratio of I.sub.O to I.sub.C at least 2, where I.sub.O is a peak intensity of oxygen atoms around 530-540 eV and I.sub.C is a peak intensity of carbon atoms around 285 eV in a photoelectron spectrum of an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy under conditions of 12 kV and 10 mA, which cell has a small retention, a large capacity, and safety against ignition.

Abstract: An ionic conductive material chosen from a metal or a hydrogen ion and on anion portion comprising a resonance structure containing a Group IVB atom as the anion portion, and an electron-withdrawing group which is bonded to said resonance structure through a Group VIB atom, which has a good high voltage stability. These materials find applicability in lithium cells.