Abstract: A multi-layered metal sheet is disclosed formed of a laminate of a plurality of metal sheets fixed to each other by a clinch formed in a concave shape from one main surface toward another main surface, the clinch has an schematic pillar shape, the clinch being defined by an open top, a pair of cut surfaces which are respectively formed from the open top toward a bottom, a pair of inclined surfaces respectively inclined from the open top toward the bottom, transitional surfaces which connect the cut surfaces and the inclined surfaces to each other, and the bottom having overlapping parts which extend over the main surface of the multi-layered metal sheet on a lower side immediately below the cut surfaces, and lengthwise end portions of a cut formed in each of upper edge portions of the cut surfaces are disposed on upper edge portions of the transitional surfaces.

Abstract: A multi-layered metal sheet is disclosed formed of a laminate of a plurality of metal sheets fixed to each other by a clinch formed in a concave shape from one main surface toward another main surface, the clinch has an schematic pillar shape, the clinch being defined by an open top, a pair of cut surfaces which are respectively formed from the open top toward a bottom, a pair of inclined surfaces respectively inclined from the open top toward the bottom, transitional surfaces which connect the cut surfaces and the inclined surfaces to each other, and the bottom having overlapping parts which extend over the main surface of the multi-layered metal sheet on a lower side immediately below the cut surfaces, and lengthwise end portions of a cut formed in each of upper edge portions of the cut surfaces are disposed on upper edge portions of the transitional surfaces.

Abstract: The objection of invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element having an excellent current-voltage property. The organic electroluminescent element of the invention comprises an anode, a light emitting layer and a cathode, in this order, wherein a total number of kinds of an electron transport material and a light emitting material contained in the light emitting layer is five or more. Preferably, a total number of kinds of an electron transport material contained in the light emitting layer is four or more, and at least one of an ionization potential and an electron affinity of three kinds or more of the electron transport materials contained in the light emitting layer is different from each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element which comprises two or more hole injection/transport layers each formed by a wet film formation method using a composition containing, as a hole-injecting/transporting compound, an arylamine polymer compound that has a repeating unit having a triarylamine structure therein, in which when the number of atoms present on the path which is the smallest in the number of atoms present thereon, of the paths which each connect the nonaromatic tertiary nitrogen atoms contained in any two triarylamine structures present in each polymer compound, is taken as N: the minimum number of atoms between nitrogen atoms in the compound, then the N in each hole injection/transport layer is in a specific state.

Abstract: The objection of invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element having an excellent current-voltage property. The organic electroluminescent element of the invention comprises an anode, a light emitting layer and a cathode, in this order, wherein a total number of kinds of an electron transport material and a light emitting material contained in the light emitting layer is five or more. Preferably, a total number of kinds of an electron transport material contained in the light emitting layer is four or more, and at least one of an ionization potential and an electron affinity of three kinds or more of the electron transport materials contained in the light emitting layer is different from each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element which comprises an anode, a luminescent layer, two or more electron transport layers and a cathode, in this order, wherein at least one of the two or more electron transport layers adjoins the luminescent layer, the luminescent layer contains a luminescent material and a charge transport material, the electron transport layer which adjoins the luminescent layer contains a charge transport material, the charge transport material contained in the luminescent layer and the charge transport material contained in the electron transport layer which adjoins the luminescent layer may be the same material or may be different material, and the specific electron affinities EA1, EA2 and EA3, and the specific work function WF satisfy the specific relationship.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element which comprises two or more hole injection/transport layers each formed by a wet film formation method using a composition containing, as a hole-injecting/transporting compound, an arylamine polymer compound that has a repeating unit having a triarylamine structure therein, in which when the number of atoms present on the path which is the smallest in the number of atoms present thereon, of the paths which each connect the nonaromatic tertiary nitrogen atoms contained in any two triarylamine structures present in each polymer compound, is taken as N: the minimum number of atoms between nitrogen atoms in the compound, then the N in each hole injection/transport layer is in a specific state.

Abstract: To provide a process of producing an organic electroluminescence element having a high current efficiency and a long drive life by a wet film formation process. The present invention relates to a process of producing an organic electroluminescence element composition, comprising a filtration step of filtering a solution containing an organic electroluminescence element material and a solvent, wherein the composition is obtained after a time-elapsing step wherein 8 hours or more elapses after the filtration step, and the composition is used for a wet film formation of an organic layer in an organic electroluminescence element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element which comprises an anode, a luminescent layer, two or more electron transport layers and a cathode, in this order, wherein at least one of the two or more electron transport layers adjoins the luminescent layer, the luminescent layer contains a luminescent material and a charge transport material, the electron transport layer which adjoins the luminescent layer contains a charge transport material, the charge transport material contained in the luminescent layer and the charge transport material contained in the electron transport layer which adjoins the luminescent layer may be the same material or may be different material, and the specific electron affinities EA1, EA2 and EA3, and the specific work function WF satisfy the specific relationship.

Abstract: An object is to provide a face-to-face communication apparatus in which, the safety in the inside of the chamber is ensured with a simple structure without drilling holes in the partitioning wall; there is no obstacle against viewing between the inside and the outside of the chamber; and communication or work can be carried out well between the persons in the inside and on the outside of the chamber without giving a sense of incompatibility to the person on the outside of the chamber due to the source of the voice of the person in the inside.