Abstract: Described herein is a coating composition comprising: (a) a metal catalyst, wherein the metal catalyst comprises at least one of platinum, ruthenium, iridium, and alloys and combinations thereof; (b) an at least highly fluorinated ionomer comprising a polymer backbone and a plurality of first side chains pendant therefrom, wherein the first side chain comprises at least one protogenic group, wherein the protogenic group is selected from a sulfonic acid, a bis(sulfonyl)imide, a sulfonamide, a sulfonyl methide, and salts and combinations thereof, and wherein the polymer backbone comprises an average of at least 14 carbon atoms between adjacent first side chains along the polymer backbone; and (c) a solvent. Such coating compositions may be used to make electrodes for electrochemical cells and have been shown to have reduced poisoning of the catalyst.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes a silicon alloy material having the formula: SiwM1xCyOz, where w, x, y, and z represent atomic % values and w+x+y+z=1; M1 comprises a transition metal; w>0; x>0; y?0; and z?0. The electrochemically active material also includes a metal-based material having the formula: M2aObAc, where a, b, and c represent atomic % values and a+b+c=1; M2 comprises a metal; A is an anion; a>0; b?0; and c?0.

Abstract: A Ti—Al—Zr—O metal oxide having the formula TixAlyZrzOn, wherein x is independently 2-10, y is independently 0.5-6, z is independently 2-10, and n is independently 2x+3y/2+2z. A method of separating a mycotoxin from a matrix using a Ti—Al—Zr—O metal oxide.

Abstract: A hydrogen fueling system for generating hydrogen on demand is described. The system includes an electrolyzer configured to generate at least a predetermined quantity of hydrogen in a predetermined time when operated at no less than a predetermined current density and provided with at least a predetermined electrical energy over the predetermined time, where the predetermined quantity of hydrogen is at least 1 kg of hydrogen, the predetermined time is no more than 30 minutes, and the predetermined current density is at least 5 A/cm2. The system may further include an electrical energy storage system electrically connected to the electrolyzer and capable of supplying at least 20% of the predetermined electrical energy over the predetermined time. The electrolyzer may include an anode including a plurality of acicular particles dispersed in an ionomer binder, where the acicular particles include iridium.

Abstract: Described herein is a plurality of acicular particles dispersed with ionomer binder for use in an electrolyzer. The acicular particles comprise a microstructured core with a layer of catalytic material on at least one portion of the surface of the microstructured core. The catalytic material comprises iridium and the microstructured core comprises at least one of a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon and heterocyclic compounds. The acicular particles are substantially free of platinum.

Abstract: A method of making a coatable composition includes: providing a first composition comprising silica nanoparticles dispersed in an aqueous liquid vehicle, wherein the first composition has a pH greater than 6; acidifying the first composition to a pH of less than or equal to 4 using inorganic acid to provide a second composition; and dissolving at least one metal compound in the second composition to form the coatable composition. The silica nanoparticles have a polymodal particle size distribution, wherein the polymodal particle size distribution comprises a first mode having a first particle size in the range of from 8 to 35 nanometers, wherein the polymodal particle size distribution comprises a second mode having a second particle size in the range of from 2 to 20 nanometers, wherein the first particle size is greater than the second particle size. Coatable compositions, antistatic compositions, preparable by the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a coatable composition includes: providing a first composition comprising silica nanoparticles dispersed in an aqueous liquid vehicle, wherein the first composition has a pH greater than 6; acidifying the first composition to a pH of less than or equal to 4 using inorganic acid to provide a second composition; and dissolving at least one metal compound in the second composition to form the coatable composition. The silica nanoparticles have a polymodal particle size distribution, wherein the polymodal particle size distribution comprises a first mode having a first particle size in the range of from 8 to 35 nanometers, wherein the polymodal particle size distribution comprises a second mode having a second particle size in the range of from 2 to 20 nanometers, wherein the first particle size is greater than the second particle size. Coatable compositions, antistatic compositions, preparable by the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes a silicon alloy material having the formula: SiwM1xCyOz, where w, x, y, and z represent atomic % values and w+x+y+z=1; M1 comprises a transition metal; w>0; x>0; y?0; and z?0. The electrochemically active material also includes a metal-based material having the formula: M2aObAc, where a, b, and c represent atomic % values and a+b+c=1; M2 comprises a metal; A is an anion; a>0; b?0; and c?0.

Abstract: A method of making a coatable composition includes: providing a first composition comprising silica nanoparticles dispersed in an aqueous liquid vehicle, wherein the first composition has a pH greater than 6; acidifying the first composition to a pH of less than or equal to 4 using inorganic acid to provide a second composition; and dissolving at least one metal compound in the second composition to form the coatable composition. The silica nanoparticles have a polymodal particle size distribution, wherein the polymodal particle size distribution comprises a first mode having a first particle size in the range of from 8 to 35 nanometers, wherein the polymodal particle size distribution comprises a second mode having a second particle size in the range of from 2 to 20 nanometers, wherein the first particle size is greater than the second particle size. Coatable compositions, antistatic compositions, preparable by the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a coatable composition includes: a) providing a initial composition comprising silica nanoparticles dispersed in an aqueous liquid medium, wherein the silica nanoparticles have a particle size distribution with an average particle size of less than or equal to 20 nanometers, and wherein the silica sol has a pH greater than 6; b) acidifying the initial composition to a pH of less than or equal to 4 using inorganic acid to provide an acidified composition; and c) dissolving at least one metal compound in the acidified composition to provide a coatable composition. Coatable compositions, wear-resistant compositions, preparable by the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a coatable composition includes: providing a first composition comprising silica nanoparticles dispersed in an aqueous liquid vehicle, wherein the silica nanoparticles have an average particle size of less than or equal to 100 nanometers, wherein the first composition has a pH greater than 6; acidifying the first composition to a pH of less than or equal to 4 using inorganic acid to provide a second composition; and dissolving at least one metal compound in the second composition to form the coatable composition, wherein said at least one metal compound comprises a titanium compound. Coatable compositions and photocatalytic compositions, preparable by the method, are also disclosed. Photocatalytic articles including the photocatalytic compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a coatable composition includes: a) providing a initial composition comprising silica nanoparticles dispersed in an aqueous liquid medium, wherein the silica nanoparticles have a particle size distribution with an average particle size of less than or equal to 100 nanometers, and wherein the silica sol has a pH greater than 6; b) acidifying the initial composition to a pH of less than or equal to 4 using inorganic acid to provide an acidified composition; and c) dissolving at least one metal compound in the acidified composition to provide a coatable composition. The at least one metal compound includes at least one of a silver compound, a zinc compound, and a copper compound. Coatable compositions, antimicrobial compositions, preparable by the method are also disclosed. Antimicrobial articles including the antimicrobial compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a coatable composition includes: a) providing a initial composition comprising silica nanoparticles dispersed in an aqueous liquid medium, wherein the silica nano articles have a particle size distribution with an average particle size of less than or equal to 100 nanometers, and wherein the silica sol has a pH greater than 6; b) acidifying the initial composition to a pH of less than or equal to 4 using inorganic acid to provide an acidified composition; and c) dissolving at least one metal compound in the acidified composition to provide a coatable composition. Coatable compositions and soil-resistant compositions, preparable by the method, are also disclosed. Soil-resistant articles including the soil-resistant compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and processes are disclosed for removing sulfur and sulfur compounds from hydrocarbon fuel feedstocks. The feedstock is contacted with a regenerable sorbent such as a compound of the formula TixCeyO2 where 0<x/y?1 and where 0<x?1 and 0<y?1 capable of selectively adsorbing sulfur compounds present in the hydrocarbon feedstock at about 0° C. to about 100° C. such as at about 25° C.

Abstract: Compositions and processes are disclosed for removing sulfur and sulfur compounds from hydrocarbon fuel feedstocks. The feedstock is contacted with a regenerable sorbent such as a compound of the formula TixCeyO2 where 0<x/y?1 and where 0<x?1 and 0<y?1 capable of selectively adsorbing sulfur compounds present in the hydrocarbon feedstock at about 0° C. to about 100° C. such as at about 25° C.