Abstract: An electronic device may include a display system and an optical system that are supported by a housing. The optical system may be a catadioptric optical system having first, second, and third lens elements. The first lens element may have a convex surface and a concave surface. The convex surface may have less curvature than the concave surface. An anti-reflective coating may be formed on the convex surface. A partially reflective mirror may be interposed between the first and second lens elements and a reflective polarizer may be interposed between the second and third lens elements. Alternatively, a partially reflective mirror may be interposed between the second and third lens elements and a reflective polarizer may be interposed between the first and second lens elements.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display system and an optical system that are supported by a housing. The optical system may be a catadioptric optical system having first, second, and third lens elements. The first lens element may have a convex surface and a concave surface. The convex surface may have less curvature than the concave surface. An anti-reflective coating may be formed on the convex surface. A partially reflective mirror may be interposed between the first and second lens elements and a reflective polarizer may be interposed between the second and third lens elements. Alternatively, a partially reflective mirror may be interposed between the second and third lens elements and a reflective polarizer may be interposed between the first and second lens elements.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and a lens assembly that are supported by a housing. The lens assembly may include multiple lenses. The lenses and/or the display may include a polarizer to mitigate artifacts associated with a double bounce path of light through the optical system. The polarizers may include quarter wave plates and half wave plates. A polarizer in the lens assembly may have a polarization axis aligned with a polarization axis of polarizer in the display. The display may also include a geometric phase lens, which may redirect light from the display. Additionally or alternatively, the housing may be coated with a low-visible-reflectance-and-low-infrared-reflectance coating, which may further increase the contrast of the display.

Abstract: The circular polarizer may be omitted from a display to increase efficiency. A polarizer-free display may use other non-polarizer techniques to mitigate reflections of ambient light and mitigate diffraction reflection artifacts. The polarizer-free display may include a black pixel definition layer that absorbs ambient light. Color filter elements may be included in a black matrix to mitigate ambient light reflections. An intra-anode phase shift layer and/or an inter-anode phase shift layer may be included in the display to mitigate diffractive reflection artifacts. Multiple sub-pixels of the same color may be used in a single pixel to ensure a neutral reflection color. The display may include a cathode layer that is patterned to have openings over the black pixel definition layer to mitigate reflections. The display may include diffusive particles (in the color filter element or in a separate diffuser layer) to mitigate diffractive reflection artifacts.

Abstract: The circular polarizer may be omitted from a display to increase efficiency. A polarizer-free display may use other non-polarizer techniques to mitigate reflections of ambient light and mitigate diffraction reflection artifacts. The polarizer-free display may include a black pixel definition layer that absorbs ambient light. Color filter elements may be included in a black matrix to mitigate ambient light reflections. An intra-anode phase shift layer and/or an inter-anode phase shift layer may be included in the display to mitigate diffractive reflection artifacts. Multiple sub-pixels of the same color may be used in a single pixel to ensure a neutral reflection color. The display may include a cathode layer that is patterned to have openings over the black pixel definition layer to mitigate reflections. The display may include diffusive particles (in the color filter element or in a separate diffuser layer) to mitigate diffractive reflection artifacts.

Abstract: Various implementations disclosed herein include devices, systems, and methods that present content items (e.g., movies, TV shows, home-made videos, etc.) on electronic devices such as HMDs. Some implementations adjust what is being displayed by the electronic devices to mitigate optical module-based artifacts (e.g., ghosting). For example, in an HMD with a catadioptric lens, a mirror layer may leak some light to produce ghosting artifacts that may be mitigated by adjusting brightness, dynamic range, contrast, light-spill, color, etc. Some implementations utilize adjustments that are based on content item awareness (e.g., adjustments based on the peak brightness of the scene in a movie that is being displayed within an extended reality (XR) environment, etc.). Some implementations provide adjustments based on environment awareness (e.g., how dark is the surroundings or pass-through environment) and/or optical module modeling.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display system and an optical system that are supported by a housing. The optical system may be a catadioptric optical system having one or more lens elements. The optical system may include a wave plate stack with one or more wave plates. The display system may also include a wave plate stack with one or more wave plates. Each wave plate stack may include a positive dispersion quarter wave plate and a positive dispersion half wave plate. Each wave plate stack may include a negative dispersion quarter wave plate and a negative dispersion half wave plate. Each wave plate stack may include a biaxial quarter wave plate and a biaxial half wave plate.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display system configured to produce light and a lens assembly that receives the light from the display panel. The lens assembly may include one or more lens elements, one or more cholesteric liquid crystal layers, one or more quarter wave plates, one or more linear polarizers, one or more reflective polarizers, and/or a partially reflective layer. The display system may include a display panel, a linear polarizer, one or more quarter wave plates, and/or a geometric phase lens.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display system and an optical system that are supported by a housing. The optical system may be a catadioptric optical system having first, second, and third lens elements. The first lens element may have a convex surface and a concave surface. The convex surface may have less curvature than the concave surface. An anti-reflective coating may be formed on the convex surface. A partially reflective mirror may be interposed between the first and second lens elements and a reflective polarizer may be interposed between the second and third lens elements. Alternatively, a partially reflective mirror may be interposed between the second and third lens elements and a reflective polarizer may be interposed between the first and second lens elements.

Abstract: The circular polarizer may be omitted from a display to increase efficiency. A polarizer-free display may use other non-polarizer techniques to mitigate reflections of ambient light and mitigate diffraction reflection artifacts. The polarizer-free display may include a black pixel definition layer that absorbs ambient light. Color filter elements may be included in a black matrix to mitigate ambient light reflections. An intra-anode phase shift layer and/or an inter-anode phase shift layer may be included in the display to mitigate diffractive reflection artifacts. Multiple sub-pixels of the same color may be used in a single pixel to ensure a neutral reflection color. The display may include a cathode layer that is patterned to have openings over the black pixel definition layer to mitigate reflections. The display may include diffusive particles (in the color filter element or in a separate diffuser layer) to mitigate diffractive reflection artifacts.