Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to devices and procedures for the development of glucose oxidase-bound electrodes by a covalent binding of glucose oxidase on amine-functionalized electrodes. More particularly, the present disclosure is related to covalently-bound enzyme-coated electrodes that are leach-proof and highly stable for continuous glucose monitoring. The glucose oxidase-bound electrodes are employed for the development of a mediator-less electrochemical glucose sensing procedure having no interference from biological substances and drugs.

Abstract: A sensor array integrated electrochemical chip is provided wherein the chip has an array of electrodes. The array may be formed on a base plate bonded to a cover plate having an opening. The opening can be a window or a depression. The plates are bounded such that they define a cavity, with the array being within the cavity. Conducting lines for connecting the electrodes to electrochemical instruments may be formed on the same surface of the base plate on which the electrodes are formed. At least one of the electrodes may be covered by a coating doped with a ferrocene compound. The coating may be a supported bilayer lipid membrane doped with benzoylferrocene. The doped ferrocene compound may be oxidized.

Abstract: An apparatus uses carbon nanotubes for electrochemical analysis of biological molecules of interest such as Uric Acid, illustrating how the voltammetric behaviors of uric acid (UA) and L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) at a well-aligned, carbon nanotube, electrode may be used in a biochemical assay. Compared to glassy carbon, a carbon nanotube electrode reduces troublesome overpotentials. Based on its differential catalytic function toward the oxidation of UA and L-AA, the carbon nanotube electrode can be used for a selective determination of UA in the presence of L-AA. The peak current obtained from DPV was linearly dependent on the UA concentration in the range of 0.2 ?M to 80 ?M with a correlation coefficient of 0.997. The detection limit (3?) for UA was found to be 0.1 ?M. The device allows for detection of UA in a human urine sample, even in the presence of high concentrations of L-AA, using only simple dilution.

Abstract: A sensor array integrated electrochemical chip is provided wherein the chip has an array of electrodes. The array may be formed on a base plate bonded to a cover plate having an opening. The opening can be a window or a depression. The plates are bounded such that they define a cavity, with the array being within the cavity. Conducting lines for connecting the electrodes to electrochemical instruments may be formed on the same surface of the base plate on which the electrodes are formed. At least one of the electrodes may be covered by a coating doped with a ferrocene compound. The coating may be a supported bilayer lipid membrane doped with benzoylferrocene. The doped ferrocene compound may be oxidized.