Abstract: A flow battery includes a positive electrode, a positive electrode electrolyte, a negative electrode, a negative electrode electrolyte, and a polymer electrolyte membrane interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode electrolyte includes water and a first redox couple. The first redox couple includes a first organic compound which includes a first moiety in conjugation with a second moiety. The first organic compound is reduced during discharge while during charging the reduction product of the first organic compound is oxidized to the first organic compound. The negative electrode electrolyte includes water and a second redox couple. The second couple includes a second organic compound including a first moiety in conjugation with a second moiety. The reduction product of the second organic compound is oxidized to the second organic compound during discharge.

Abstract: A flow battery includes a positive electrode, a positive electrode electrolyte, a negative electrode, a negative electrode electrolyte, and a polymer electrolyte membrane interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode electrolyte includes water and a first redox couple. The first redox couple includes a first organic compound which includes a first moiety in conjugation with a second moiety. The first organic compound is reduced during discharge while during charging the reduction product of the first organic compound is oxidized to the first organic compound. The negative electrode electrolyte includes water and a second redox couple. The second couple includes a second organic compound including a first moiety in conjugation with a second moiety. The reduction product of the second organic compound is oxidized to the second organic compound during discharge.

Abstract: A flow battery includes a positive electrode, a positive electrode electrolyte, a negative electrode, a negative electrode electrolyte, and a polymer electrolyte membrane interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode electrolyte includes water and a first redox couple. The first redox couple includes a first organic compound which includes a first moiety in conjugation with a second moiety. The first organic compound is reduced during discharge while during charging the reduction product of the first organic compound is oxidized to the first organic compound. The negative electrode electrolyte includes water and a second redox couple. The second couple includes a second organic compound including a first moiety in conjugation with a second moiety. The reduction product of the second organic compound is oxidized to the second organic compound during discharge.

Abstract: A light generating plasma is produced inside a partially transparent barrier enclosure made specifically of N-Type semiconductive material, said plasma thus generating a thermal gradient across said barrier which drives electrons through said barrier via the thermoelectric power of said N-Type semiconductor, said electrons thus being liberated on the opposing side of said barrier where they interact with oxygen in the air to form the superoxide ion, O2?, and a second electrode on said opposing being at a critical minimum negative bias potential to quench collateral production of positive ions and ensuring production only of negative, O2?, ions, and said light emanating from said plasma being useful visible light when it is transmitted through said barrier and into the region outside of said enclosure.

Abstract: An efficient and environmentally beneficial method of recycling and producing methanol from varied sources of carbon dioxide including flue gases of fossil fuel burning powerplants, industrial exhaust gases or the atmosphere itself. Converting carbon dioxide by chemical or electrochemical reduction secondary treatment to produce essentially methanol, dimethyl ether and derived products.

Abstract: An environmentally beneficial method of producing methanol from varied sources of carbon dioxide including flue gases of fossil fuel burning powerplants, industrial exhaust gases or the atmosphere itself. Converting carbon dioxide by electrochemical reduction produces formic acid acid and some formaldehyde and methanol mixtures. The formic acid can be used as source of carbon as well as hydrogen to produce methanol, dimethyl ether and other products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing methanol from a methane source by oxidizing methane under conditions sufficient to a mixture of methanol and formaldehyde while minimizing the formation of formic acid and carbon dioxide. The oxidation step is followed by treatment step in which formaldehyde is converted into methanol and formic acid which itself can further be converted into methanol via catalytic hydrogenation of intermediately formed methyl formate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a convenient method of synthesizing radiolabeled ?-trifluoromethyl ketones by a fluorination reaction. The present invention also relates to imaging agents and markers for identifying cell proliferation, or viral infection. The markers and imaging agents including the radiolabeled ?-trifluoromethyl ketones that are prepared by the present method.

Abstract: A pyrene based compound and its use in an organic light emitting device (OLED) according to the following formula: In the above formula, Z1 represents a hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, oxygen atom, silicon atom, selenium atom, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl amine or a combination thereof, and Z2 represents a hydrogen or deuterium atom. One of Y1 and Y2 represents a hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, oxygen atom, silicon atom, selenium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl amine or a combination thereof, and the other of Y1 and Y2 represents a hydrogen or deuterium atom. X1 through X6 independently represent hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, alkyl groups or aryl groups, and at least one of X1 through X6 represents a bulky alkyl group or bulky aryl group.