Abstract: An organic flow battery having a positive electrode electrolyte containing organic compounds with extended conjugation and/or cyclic side chains is provided. The flow battery includes a positive electrode and a positive electrode electrolyte including first solvent and a first redox couple. The positive electrode electrolyte flows over and contacting the positive electrode. The first redox couple includes a first organic compound and a reduction product of the first organic compound. The flow battery also includes a negative electrode and a negative electrode electrolyte including a second solvent and a second redox couple. The negative electrode electrolyte flows g over and contacts the positive electrode. Typically, an ion exchange membrane is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode Characteristically, the first organic compound resists crossover through the ion exchange membrane.

Abstract: An organic flow battery having a positive electrode electrolyte containing organic compounds with extended conjugation and/or cyclic side chains is provided. The flow battery includes a positive electrode and a positive electrode electrolyte including first solvent and a first redox couple. The positive electrode electrolyte flows over and contacting the positive electrode. The first redox couple includes a first organic compound and a reduction product of the first organic compound. The flow battery also includes a negative electrode and a negative electrode electrolyte including a second solvent and a second redox couple. The negative electrode electrolyte flows g over and contacts the positive electrode. Typically, an ion exchange membrane is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode Characteristically, the first organic compound resists crossover through the ion exchange membrane.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery includes an iron electrode comprising carbonyl iron composition dispersed over a fibrous electrically conductive substrate. The carbonyl iron composition includes carbonyl iron and at least one additive. A counter-electrode is spaced from the iron electrode. An electrolyte is in contact with the iron electrode and the counter-electrode such that during discharge. Iron in the iron electrode is oxidized with reduction occurring at the counter-electrode such that an electric potential develops. During charging, iron oxides and hydroxides in the iron electrode are reduced with oxidation occurring at the counter-electrode (i.e., a nickel electrode or an air electrode).

Abstract: A quinone derivative with a high redox potential that does not undergo Michael addition or proto-desulfonation. This molecule addresses the key issues faced with the positive side material of an aqueous all-organic flow battery. This new molecule is 2,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethylbenzene-1,3-disulfonic acid (or the disulfonate salt thereof). This quinone derivative offers good solubility, electrochemical reversibility, and robustness to charge/discharge cycling. Quinones with reduced crossover are also provided.

Abstract: A flow battery that includes an iron-based redox couple includes a positive electrode, a positive electrode electrolyte including a soluble iron-based redox couple, a negative electrode, and a negative electrode electrolyte including a cyclic organic-based redox couple. The positive electrode electrolyte flows over and contacting the positive electrode. The iron-based redox couple includes an iron-containing compound which is reduced during discharge. The negative electrode electrolyte flows over and contacting the negative electrode. The cyclic organic-based redox couple includes a cyclic organic compound. The reduction product of the cyclic organic compound being oxidized to the cyclic organic compound during discharge.

Abstract: The invention relates to regenerative, solid sorbents for adsorbing carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, including air, with the sorbent including a modified polyamine and a solid support. The modified polyamine is the reaction product of an amine and an epoxide. The sorbent provides structural integrity, as well as high selectivity and increased capacity for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, including the air. The sorbent is regenerative, and can be used through multiple cycles of adsorption-desorption.

Abstract: The invention relates to regenerative, solid sorbents for adsorbing carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, including air, with the sorbent including a modified polyamine and a solid support. The modified polyamine is the reaction product of an amine and an epoxide. The sorbent provides structural integrity, as well as high selectivity and increased capacity for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, including the air. The sorbent is regenerative, and can be used through multiple cycles of adsorption-desorption.

Abstract: An organic flow battery having a positive electrode electrolyte containing organic compounds with extended conjugation and/or cyclic side chains is provided. The flow battery includes a positive electrode and a positive electrode electrolyte including first solvent and a first redox couple. The positive electrode electrolyte flows over and contacting the positive electrode. The first redox couple includes a first organic compound and a reduction product of the first organic compound. The flow battery also includes a negative electrode and a negative electrode electrolyte including a second solvent and a second redox couple. The negative electrode electrolyte flows g over and contacts the positive electrode. Typically, an ion exchange membrane is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode Characteristically, the first organic compound resists crossover through the ion exchange membrane.

Abstract: The invention relates to regenerative, solid sorbents for adsorbing carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, including air, with the sorbent including a modified polyamine and a solid support. The modified polyamine is the reaction product of an amine and an epoxide. The sorbent provides structural integrity, as well as high selectivity and increased capacity for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, including the air. The sorbent is regenerative, and can be used through multiple cycles of adsorption-desorption.

Abstract: An iron electrode and a method of manufacturing an iron electrode for use in an iron-based rechargeable battery are disclosed. In one embodiment, the iron electrode includes carbonyl iron powder and one of a metal sulfide additive or metal oxide additive selected from the group of metals consisting of bismuth, lead, mercury, indium, gallium, and tin for suppressing hydrogen evolution at the iron electrode during charging of the iron-based rechargeable battery. An iron-air rechargeable battery including an iron electrode comprising carbonyl iron is also disclosed, as is an iron-air battery wherein at least one of the iron electrode and the electrolyte includes an organosulfur additive.

Abstract: The invention relates to regenerative, solid sorbents for adsorbing carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, including air, with the sorbent including a modified polyamine and a solid support. The modified polyamine is the reaction product of an amine and an epoxide. The sorbent provides structural integrity, as well as high selectivity and increased capacity for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, including the air. The sorbent is regenerative, and can be used through multiple cycles of adsorption-desorption.

Abstract: A quinone derivative with a high redox potential that does not undergo Michael addition or proto-desulfonation. This molecule addresses the key issues faced with the positive side material of an aqueous all-organic flow battery. This new molecule is 2,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethylbenzene-1,3-disulfonic acid (or the disulfonate salt thereof). This quinone derivative offers good solubility, electrochemical reversibility, and robustness to charge/discharge cycling. Quinones with reduced crossover are also provided.

Abstract: A method of producing methanol from shale gas and CO2 by the exclusive dry CO2 fracking of shale rock by injection of gaseous CO2 at a pressure between 10 and 100 atm to extract shale gas and recover it together with used CO2; combining and admixing produced shale gas containing CO2 and steam to produce a mixture of methane:carbon dioxide:water having a molar ratio of 3:1:2 for conducting the bi-reforming reaction to form a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide having a molar ratio of 2:1 to 2.1:1; and converting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide under conditions sufficient to exclusively form methanol.

Abstract: The invention relates to regenerative, solid sorbent for adsorbing carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, with the sorbent including a modified polyamine and a nano-structured solid support. The modified polyamine is the reaction product of an amine and an aldehyde. The sorbent provides structural integrity, as well as high selectivity and increased capacity for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, including the air. The sorbent is regenerative, and can be used through multiple operations of absorption-desorption cycles.

Abstract: The invention relates to regenerative, solid sorbent for adsorbing carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, with the sorbent including a modified polyamine and a nano-structured solid support. The modified polyamine is the reaction product of an amine and an aldehyde. The sorbent provides structural integrity, as well as high selectivity and increased capacity for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, including the air. The sorbent is regenerative, and can be used through multiple operations of absorption-desorption cycles.

Abstract: An iron electrode and a method of manufacturing an iron electrode for use in an iron-based rechargeable battery are disclosed. In one embodiment, the iron electrode includes carbonyl iron powder and one of a metal sulfide additive or metal oxide additive selected from the group of metals consisting of bismuth, lead, mercury, indium, gallium, and tin for suppressing hydrogen evolution at the iron electrode during charging of the iron-based rechargeable battery. An iron-air rechargeable battery including an iron electrode comprising carbonyl iron is also disclosed, as is an iron-air battery wherein at least one of the iron electrode and the electrolyte includes an organosulfur additive.

Abstract: An iron electrode and a method of manufacturing an iron electrode for use in an iron-based rechargeable battery are disclosed. In one embodiment, the iron electrode includes carbonyl iron powder and one of a metal sulfide additive or metal oxide additive selected from the group of metals consisting of bismuth, lead, mercury, indium, gallium, and tin for suppressing hydrogen evolution at the iron electrode during charging of the iron-based rechargeable battery. An iron-air rechargeable battery including an iron electrode comprising carbonyl iron is also disclosed, as is an iron-air battery wherein at least one of the iron electrode and the electrolyte includes an organosulfur additive.

Abstract: A method for recycling a carbon-containing greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide and methane (natural gas) or a hydrocarbon homolog thereof. The method includes the steps of capturing the emissions, sequestering them in an underground or undersea storage area, withdrawing them from the storage area after storage therein, and converting them to carbon-containing compounds such as methanol, dimethyl ether and derived products. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane are chemically recycled to provide a permanent and inexhaustible supply of carbon-containing fuels or products, which subsequently can be combusted or used without increasing the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere. The method is thus effective in neutralizing or reducing the carbon footprint due to human activities related to combustion or use of carbon-containing fuels while providing a repeatedly sustainable carbon source.

Abstract: A method of producing methanol from shale gas and CO2 by the exclusive dry CO2 fracking of shale rock by injection of gaseous CO2 at a pressure between 10 and 100 atm to extract shale gas and recover it together with used CO2; combining and admixing produced shale gas containing CO2 and steam to produce a mixture of methane:carbon dioxide:water having a molar ratio of 3:1:2 for conducting the bi-reforming reaction to form a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide having a molar ratio of 2:1 to 2.1:1; and converting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide under conditions sufficient to exclusively form methanol.

Abstract: The common interchangeable use of a high methanol content fuel for use in all types of internal combustion engines, including cars, trucks, vehicles for transportation use (ships, boats, locomotives, airplanes, etc.), various other equipment and turbines. The engines are converted to be able to use these fuels although further vehicles can be made with components that would allow such fuels to be used. These methanol fuels are renewable and environmentally benign when produced from carbon dioxide capture and recycling of their combustion or other use.