Abstract: The present invention relates to the treatment or prevention of a disease or disorder using a drug in the form of micro- or nanoparticles in suspension, in combination with a hyaluronidase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the treatment or prevention of HIV infection using rilpivirine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the form of micro- or nanoparticles in suspension in combination with a hyaluronidase. The present invention also relates to rilpivirine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the form of micro- or nanoparticles in suspension.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system comprising a plurality of first sensors to measure parameters characterizing a vehicle operating state; a second sensor to measure a parameter characterizing an emission of an fuel processing apparatus; a control device to measure repeatedly over a predefined time period and to determine a vehicle operating state based on a first data set with measured values from the plurality of first sensors and predefined parameter ranges describing a predefined vehicle operating state; an allocation device to allocate a second data set comprising measured values from the second sensor to the predefined vehicle operating state; and an evaluation device to determine a characteristic value for assessing or optimizing the operating behavior of the vehicle based on the vehicle operating state and the second data set, wherein the characteristic value characterizes an energy efficiency of the vehicle or an emission behavior of the fuel processing apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system (1) for analyzing an energy efficiency of a motor vehicle (2), having: a first device (4a, 4b), in particular a sensor, configured to detect a first data set of at least one first parameter, which is suitable to characterize energy consumed by at least one apparatus A, in particular a steering system or drive device (3); a second device (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d), in particular a sensor, configured to detect a second data set of at least one second parameter, which is suitable to characterize an operating state of the at least one apparatus A; a third device (6), configured to detect a third data set of at least one third parameter, which is suitable to characterize at least one driving state of the vehicle (2); a first comparison device (7), in particular part of a data processing device, configured to compare the values of the second data set with predefined parameter ranges which correspond to at least one operating state, and to compare the values of the third data set with predefi

Abstract: A system for analysing an energy efficiency of a vehicle having at least one drive device which is configured to generate mechanical drive force by converting energy, wherein the system has a first device, in particular a sensor, configured for detecting a first data record of at least one first parameter which is suitable for characterizing energy which is consumed by the vehicle, a second device, in particular a sensor, configured for detecting a second data record of at least one second parameter which is suitable for characterizing a driving resistance which the vehicle overcomes, a third device, in particular a sensor, configured for detecting a third data record of at least one third parameter which is suitable for characterizing at least one driving state of the vehicle, a first comparison device, which is in particular part of a data processing device, configured for comparing the values of the third data record with predefined parameter ranges which correspond to at least one driving state, an assign

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for assessing and/or optimising the operating behaviour of a vehicle that has at least one apparatus for processing fuel, in particular an internal combustion engine and/or a fuel cell, wherein the system has: a plurality of first sensors designed to measure parameters that are suitable for characterising a vehicle operating state; at least one second sensor designed to measure at least one parameter that is suitable for characterising an emission of the apparatus for processing fuel; a control device designed to measure repeatedly over a predefined time period and to determine a vehicle operating state on the basis of a first data set with measured values from the plurality of first sensors and on the basis of predefined parameter ranges that describe at least one predefined vehicle operating state; an allocation device designed to allocate a second data set comprising measured values from the at least one second sensor to the at least one predefined vehicle operating state;

Abstract: The invention relates to a system (1) for analyzing an energy efficiency of a motor vehicle (2), having: a first device (4a, 4b), in particular a sensor, configured to detect a first data set of at least one first parameter, which is suitable to characterize energy consumed by at least one apparatus A, in particular a steering system or drive device (3); a second device (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d), in particular a sensor, configured to detect a second data set of at least one second parameter, which is suitable to characterize an operating state of the at least one apparatus A; a third device (6), configured to detect a third data set of at least one third parameter, which is suitable to characterize at least one driving state of the vehicle (2); a first comparison device (7), in particular part of a data processing device, configured to compare the values of the second data set with predefined parameter ranges which correspond to at least one operating state, and to compare the values of the third data set with predefi

Abstract: In a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, having a combustion chamber with at least one intake valve at an intake side and with at least one exhaust valve at an exhaust side of the combustion chamber and a central injection nozzle for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber, the injection nozzle has injection orifices which are designed and oriented in such a way that a first quantity of fuel is injected into the intake side, a second quantity of fuel injected is into the exhaust side, and a third quantity of fuel which is about equal to the first quantity and greater than the second quantity is injected into a boundary area between the intake and the exhaust sides, providing for a low-emission operation of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: In a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, having a combustion chamber with at least one intake valve at an intake side and with at least one exhaust valve at an exhaust side of the combustion chamber and a central injection nozzle for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber, the injection nozzle has injection orifices which are designed and oriented in such a way that a first quantity of fuel is injected into the intake side, a second quantity of fuel injected is into the exhaust side, and a third quantity of fuel which is about equal to the first quantity and greater than the second quantity is injected into a boundary area between the intake and the exhaust sides, providing for a low-emission operation of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: This invention concerns a file mechanism for punched documents, comprising a base plate, two mutually spaced filing pins which stand up substantially vertically from the base plate, and a two-limbed transfer arch which is spaced from the filing pins and which is mounted limitedly pivotable between an open and a closed position about a horizontal axis approximately parallel to the base plate and comprises transfer limbs which with their free ends in the closed position contact in pairs the free ends of the filing pins, wherein the transfer limbs are actuable by way of an operating lever which is pivotably mounted to a mounting element projecting from the base plate, characterized in that there is provided at least one reinforcing element which connects the mounting element to the base plate.

Abstract: In a method for the periodic desulphurization of a nitrogen-oxide or sulphur-oxide accumulator of an exhaust-gas cleaning system of an internal-combustion engine, during respective desulphurization periods, the accumulator is fed secondary air by secondary-air supply means, and is fed an engine exhaust gas which contains a reducing agent by setting a rich engine air ratio. At least during part of the desulphurization period, after a predeterminable desulphurization temperature has been reached, the accumulator air ratio is set, by suitably alternating the secondary air quantity supplied and/or the engine air ratio, between an oxidizing or stoichiometric atmosphere, and a reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for the desulfurization of a nitrogen oxide adsorber of an exhaust gas purification device for a combustion system employs desulfurization phases that are intermittently implemented by a desulfurization control unit. During each desulfurization phase, the carbon monoxide concentration and/or the lambda value of the exhaust gas stream exiting the nitrogen oxide adsorber is recorded. A localized maximum that appears in the recorded course of the carbon monoxide concentration over time, or a downward slope that appears in the established course of the lambda value over time, falling from a temporary plateau value, is employed as criterion for terminating the desulfurization phase. The method may be used, for example, in exhaust gas purification devices in primarily lean-burning vehicle combustion engines.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine includes an engine control system that permits a change-over between a lean operation and a rich operation of the internal-combustion engine, and an exhaust gas purification system. A &lgr;-probe, an SOx storage catalyst and an NOx storage catalyst are successively arranged in an exhaust gas line behind the engine. At the start of desulfurization of the SOx storage catalyst, a change-over takes place from the lean to the rich operation of the engine. Secondary air is fed into the exhaust gas line; a predetermined &lgr; value of the exhaust gases mixed with secondary air and a temperature in the SOx storage catalyst are measured. At the end of the desulfurization, a change-over takes place from the rich to a lean operation of the engine.

Abstract: In a fuel feed system for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, which system has at least a first injection valve, which is arranged in or on a cylinder head and to which fuel is fed under pressure for discharging directly into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, at least one further injection valve is provided in an engine intake passage to discharge, in certain operating ranges of the internal combustion engine, fuel into the intake passage of the internal combustion engine in addition to the discharge of the fuel of the first injection valve into the cylinder, and the first injection valve is designed for fuel injection volume lower than that required for full power operation of the engine.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine system includes an internal-combustion engine with a pertaining engine exhaust gas system, an emissions control device having an NO.sub.x storage catalyst arranged in the exhaust gas system, a lambda probe for detecting the engine air ratio and devices for the periodic desulfurization of the catalyst at a raised temperature and a rich air ratio of the latter, as well as to an operating process suitable for this system. The desulfurization devices comprise secondary air feeding devices for feeding secondary air into the NO.sub.x storage catalyst. During the desulfurization phases, the engine is operated at a rich air ratio and secondary air is metered into the catalyst.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine includes an engine control system that permits a change-over between a lean operation and a rich operation of the internal-combustion engine, and an exhaust gas purification system. A .lambda.-probe, an SO.sub.x storage catalyst and an NO.sub.x storage catalyst are successively arranged in an exhaust gas line behind the engine. At the start of desulfurization of the SO.sub.x storage catalyst, a change-over takes place from the lean to the rich operation of the engine. Secondary air is fed into the exhaust gas line; a predetermined .lambda. value of the exhaust gases mixed with secondary air and a temperature in the SO.sub.x storage catalyst are measured. At the end of the desulfurization, a change-over takes place from the rich to a lean operation of the engine.

Abstract: In a method of providing an ignitable fuel/air mixture in the combustion chambers of the various cylinders of an internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection wherein fuel is injected into the combustion chambers by way of injectors including injection nozzles with valve members for controllably opening and closing the injection nozzles, the valve member opening strokes and the valve member opening times are variably adjusted depending on specific engine operating conditions.

Abstract: In a method of controlling adjustable operating parameters of an internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection which includes at least one cylinder having a piston delimiting a combustion chamber, a fuel injector and a spark plug, wherein air supplied to the combustion chamber through an air intake passage forms with the fuel injected by the fuel injector a fuel/air mixture which is compressed and produces a plasma cloud which is then ignited by a spark generated between the electrodes of the spark plug, the ionization degree of the plasma cloud is measured and an ionization signal is formed and supplied to an electronic control unit where it is utilized to control at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Vacuum pump of reciprocating piston and cylinder type. Cylinder is stepped to have front large diameter portion and rear small diameter portion. Piston has enlarged head portion sliding in front portion of cylinder and rear portion sliding in rear portion of cylinder. Front end of cylinder is closed to form high vacuum pumping chamber swept by front face of piston head. Gas enters the high vacuum pumping chamber through side wall of cylinder and can be exhausted through exhaust valve in closed front end of cylinder. Rear annular face of piston head sweeps lower vacuum chamber in cylinder behind the piston head. A gas transfer passage extends through cylinder wall from front end of high vacuum pumping chamber to port in cylinder wall so as to transfer gas from high vacuum chamber to lower vacuum chamber when piston approaches end of forward stroke. Gas is transferred through transfer duct at pressures lower than required to open the exhaust valve.