Abstract: A device for cooling a fine-grained solid includes a fluidized bed cooler/heater in which the solid is fluidized with a fluidizing gas and thereby releases energy in the form of heat within the cooler/heater at least two cyclones which are connected in parallel. The cyclones are arranged such that after the fluidization of the solid the fluidizing gas passes through the cyclones so contained particles are removed.

Abstract: A process and its relating plant for thermal conversion of aluminum chloride hydrate into aluminum oxide and gaseous hydrogen chloride. In a first step, aluminum chloride hydrate is fed into a decomposition reactor where it is heated to a temperature between 120 and 400° C. Afterwards, the partially decomposed aluminum chloride hydrate is finally calcined to aluminum oxide at a temperature between 850 and 1200° C. in a second reactor. The aluminum chloride hydrate is admixed with aluminum oxide in an intensive mixer with a mass ratio between 1:1 and 10:1 aluminum chloride hydrate to aluminum oxide for using a fluidized bed reactor as a decomposition reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and a method for storing electrical energy which are based on a closed thermodynamic cycle. They make it possible to store electrical energy in a very efficient, cost-effective, and safe manner. No environmentally hazardous or expensive materials are required. The system comprises a compressor, a turbine, and two packed-bed storage units which are operated at different temperature levels. In order to load the packed-bed storage units, the cycle is operated as a counterclockwise heat pump process. In this process, the heat generated at the outlet of the compressor is expanded at a high temperature level into a first packed-bed storage unit and stored therein. The “cold” produced during the subsequent expansion of the gaseous working medium in a turbine is stored in a second packed-bed storage unit. This requires mechanical energy which is provided by an electrical machine. In order to discharge the energy storage system, the cycle is operated in reverse (i.e.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a plant for thermal treatment of solid material to decrease the content of heavy metal elements. The plant comprises one reactor for heating the solid material, which is arranged to have both an oxidizing atmosphere and a reducing atmosphere, and the plant includes a hot gas generator, which is arranged to provide hot gas to the reactor. The disclosure also relates to a method for thermal treatment of solid material and to a method for producing fertilizer precursor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and its relating plant for thermal conversion of aluminum chloride hydrate into aluminum oxide and gaseous hydrogen chloride. In a first step, aluminum chloride hydrate is fed into a decomposition reactor where it is heated to a temperature between 120 and 400° C. Afterwards, the partially decomposed aluminum chloride hydrate is finally calcined to aluminum oxide at a temperature between 850 and 1200° C. in a second reactor. The aluminum chloride hydrate is admixed with aluminum oxide in an intensive mixer with a mass ratio between 1:1 and 10:1 aluminum chloride hydrate to aluminum oxide for using a fluidized bed reactor as a decomposition reactor.

Abstract: A process and its relating plant for thermal conversion of aluminum chloride hydrate into aluminum oxide and gaseous hydrogen chloride. In a first step, aluminum chloride hydrate is fed into a decomposition reactor where it is heated to a temperature between 120 and 400° C. Afterwards, the partially decomposed aluminum chloride hydrate is finally calcined to aluminum oxide at a temperature between 850 and 1200° C. in a second reactor. The aluminum chloride hydrate is admixed with aluminum oxide in an intensive mixer with a mass ratio between 1:1 and 10:1 aluminum chloride hydrate to aluminum oxide for using a fluidized bed reactor as a decomposition reactor.

Abstract: A device for cooling a fine-grained solid includes a fluidized bed cooler/heater in which the solid is fluidized with a fluidizing gas and thereby releases energy in the form of heat within the cooler/heater at least two cyclones which are connected in parallel. The cyclones are arranged such that after the fluidization of the solid the fluidizing gas passes through the cyclones so contained particles are removed.

Abstract: A process for separating heavy metals from phosphoric starting material comprises the following steps: (i) heating the starting material to a temperature of 600 to 1.200° C. in a first reactor (1) and withdrawing combustion gas; (ii) using the combustion gas of step (i) to preheat an alkaline source; and (iii) transferring the heated starting material of step (i) and the heated alkaline source of step (ii) to a second reactor (20), adding an elemental carbon source, heating to a temperature of 700 to 1.100° C. and withdrawing process gas and a product stream.

Abstract: A process for production of calcined petroleum coke includes combusting, in a fluidized bed reactor, green petroleum coke as a fuel with a substoichiometric amount of oxygen at a temperature of between 900 and 1,400° C. so as to provide a required amount of energy to evaporate volatile matter included in the green petroleum coke. An air-to-fuel ratio in the reactor is less than 1 and retention time is less than 40 minutes. Calcined petroleum coke and flue gas is obtained. The flue gas comprises at least 80 wt-% of the volatile matter contained in the green petroleum coke. The flue gas is at least partially recycled to the reactor as an additional fuel.

Abstract: A process for separating heavy metals from a phosphoric starting material includes, in a step (i), heating the starting material to a temperature between 700 and 1,100° C. in a first reactor and withdrawing combustion gas. In a step (ii), the heated starting material at the temperature between 700 and 1,100° C. is transferred to a second reactor, chlorides of alkaline and alkaline earth metals are added and process gas is withdrawn.

Abstract: A plant for refining raw materials containing organic constituents includes a reactor configured to receive raw materials; a furnace configured to receive solids and fuel from the reactor; a return conduit configured to recirculate hot solids generated in the furnace to the reactor; and a sealing device configured to separate an oxidizing atmosphere of the furnace from an atmosphere of the reactor. The sealing device includes: a downpipe disposed between the furnace and the reactor, the downpipe being configured to withdraw a stream of solids from the furnace; a rising pipe disposed near a bottom of the downpipe and branching off there from to a top, the rising pipe being configured to transport a fluidized stream of solids to the reactor; and a conveying gas supply disposed below the rising pipe, the conveying gas supply being configured to fluidize a stream of solids withdrawn from the furnace.

Abstract: Proposed is a cheap and durable high-temperature heat store which utilizes ambient air as a heat carrier medium and which is at least partially filled with a granular and/or porous storage medium (6).

Abstract: A process for separating heavy metals from phosphoric starting material comprises the following steps: (i) heating the starting material to a temperature of 600 to 1.200° C. in a first reactor (1) and withdrawing combustion gas; (ii) using the combustion gas of step (i) to preheat an alkaline source; and (iii) transferring the heated starting material of step (i) and the heated alkaline source of step (ii) to a second reactor (20), adding an elemental carbon source, heating to a temperature of 700 to 1.100° C. and withdrawing process gas and a product stream.

Abstract: A process for separating heavy metals from a phosphoric starting material includes, in a step (i), heating the starting material to a temperature between 700 and 1,100° C. in a first reactor and withdrawing combustion gas. In a step (ii), the heated starting material at the temperature between 700 and 1,100° C. is transferred to a second reactor, chlorides of alkaline and earth alkaline metals are added and process gas is withdrawn.

Abstract: A high-temperature thermal storage device has a crucible, an induction heating device, a tubular duct in which a liquid and/or gaseous heat carrier flows, and an electrically conductive storage medium filled into the crucible that fills the crucible at least partially. The induction heating device, when electric energy is applied, heats the storage medium. The tubular duct passes at least partially through the storage medium. The storage medium is a molten metal and the thermal storage device has an operating temperature exceeding 700° C. The thermal storage device readily provides steam, be it saturated steam or superheated steam, fulfilling all parameters required for the operation of a conventional thermal power station.

Abstract: A plant for refining raw materials containing organic constituents includes a reactor configured to receive raw materials; a furnace configured to receive solids and fuel from the reactor; a return conduit configured to recirculate hot solids generated in the furnace to the reactor; and a sealing device configured to separate an oxidizing atmosphere of the furnace from an atmosphere of the reactor. The sealing device includes: a downpipe disposed between the furnace and the reactor, the downpipe being configured to withdraw a stream of solids from the furnace; a rising pipe disposed near a bottom of the downpipe and branching off there from to a top, the rising pipe being configured to transport a fluidized stream of solids to the reactor; and a conveying gas supply disposed below the rising pipe, the conveying gas supply being configured to fluidize a stream of solids withdrawn from the furnace.

Abstract: A process for refining raw materials containing at least one of oil and bitumen includes supplying the raw materials to a reactor and volatilizing fuel gas in the reactor at a temperature of from 300 to 1000° C. and a pressure of from 0.001 to 1 bar. Solids remaining in the reactor, including non-evaporated fractions of heavy hydrocarbons, are introduced into a furnace. A staged combustion of the non-evaporated fractions of heavy hydrocarbons is performed in a substoichiometric stage and in a superstoichiometric stage in the furnace at a furnace temperature of from 600 to 1500° C. as to obtain hot solids in the furnace. The hot solids are recirculated from the furnace into the reactor. A sealing device separates an oxidizing atmosphere of the furnace from an atmosphere of the reactor.

Abstract: A process for lowering the carbon content in ash includes introducing the ash having a carbon content of 1 to 20 wt-% into a reactor where the ash is burnt at a temperature between 700 and 1100° C. Fuel is also introduced into the reactor. During combustion, microwave radiation is fed into the reactor. At least part of the energy released during the combustion is recovered.

Abstract: A process for refining oil-containing includes introducing the oil-containing solids to a reactor so as to expel an oil-containing vapor from the solids at a temperature of 300 to 1000° C. The oil-containing vapor expelled from the reactor is supplied to a cracker so as to crack heavy oil components of the oil-containing vapor. The cracked heavy oil components obtained in the cracker are separated and withdrawn from the cracker. The solids left in the reactor and an unevaporated fraction of heavy hydrocarbons are introduced into a furnace. The unevaporated fraction of heavy hydrocarbons in the furnace are burned at a temperature of 600 to 1500° C. The solids from the furnace are recirculated into the reactor. A conveying gas is supplied into a rising pipe, wherein the stream of solids withdrawn from the furnace is fluidized by the conveying gas and transported to the reactor through the rising pipe.

Abstract: A process for producing metal oxide from a metal salt includes supplying a first part of the metal salt to a hydrate drier so as to indirectly heat the first part of the metal salt in the hydrate drier using a heat transfer medium from a first stage of a multi-stage indirect cooler so as to dry the first part of the metal salt in the hydrate drier and so as to control a waste gas temperature of the process. A second part of the metal salt is guided as a partial stream past the hydrate drier. The metal salt is preheated in a first preheating stage and precalcined in a second preheating stage. The metal salt and a fluidizing gas having a temperature of 150° C. or less are supplied to a fluidized bed reactor so as to calcine the metal salt to form a metal oxide product. The metal oxide product is cooled in at least one suspension heat exchanger and then in the multi-stage indirect cooler.