Abstract: An electrowetting optical device includes a conductive liquid, a non-conductive liquid, and a substrate. The conductive liquid is buffered to an acidic pH. The conductive liquid and the non-conductive liquid are immiscible. The substrate includes a dielectric topcoat. The conductive liquid and the non-conductive liquid are in contact with the dielectric topcoat. The dielectric topcoat is a plasma-deposited organosilane precursor having the molecular formula SiOxCyHz.

Abstract: Electrowetting optical devices can comprise a first electrode at least partially circumscribing a first optical window and a second electrode at least partially circumscribing a second optical window. The second optical window may be aligned with the first optical window in a direction of the optical axis. A central region may be defined by a projection of a footprint of the second optical window. An interface between a first liquid and a second liquid that may be disposed within a containment region may form a lens. In some embodiments, a thickness of a second dielectric portion at least partially circumscribing the central region may be greater than a thickness of a thirst dielectric portion within the central region. In some embodiments, a capacitance per area of the device upon application of a maximum operating voltage may be in a range from about 0.1 pF/mm2 to about 3.5 pF/mm2.