Abstract: A kraft paper having a pulp according to ISO 536 of between 60 g/m2 and 120 g/m2, a density of between 680 kg/m3 and 720 kg/m3, and a tensile strength index in the machine direction according to ISO 1924-3 of between 79 kNm/kg and 98 kNm/kg, the kraft paper optionally having a coating and/or an auxiliary element on at least one side. The kraft paper is made of a pulp having an average pulp fibre length of 2.2 mm to 2.7 mm with a minimum pulp content of at least 96% wt. %; a pore volume of the uncoated kraft paper is between 200 ?l/g and 220 ml/g; in the thickness direction of the paper, there are regions of different porosities; and at least one region has pores with a pore diameter of less than or equal to 0.3 ?m. The invention also relates to a paper sack.

Abstract: A stabilizer (1) used in a vehicle is provided by a tubular element (2) with a middle section (3) and two end sections (4a and 4b), where the end sections (4a and 4b) is bent at an angle relative the middle section (3) so that the stabilizer (1) attains a U-shape. Section surfaces perpendicular to the longitudinal/center axes (A3 and/or A4) of the tubular element at the middle section (3) and/or the end sections (4a and 4b) are of a shape where one of two vectors (V1 and V2) in the plane of a section surface is longer than the other, both vectors originating from the center of gravity of the section surface (P), extending to the periphery of the tubular element and being at an angle relative to each other. A method of manufacturing a stabilizer is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of PVD technique for the application of a low static friction and wear resistant coating consisting essentially of titanium nitride or a diamond-like carbon—DLC, with or without an addition of tungsten carbide, on a stainless steel, in one and the same operation as the surface hardening of the stainless steel. In this way, in one single operation, a low static friction is obtained on a very hard and wear resistant surface. Moreover, the dimensions of the work-piece are maintained unaltered, which makes the invention very useful in the production of, e.g., cam followers, cylinder tubes and piston rods for shock absorbers. The used stainless steel has the following composition (in weight %): carbon max about 0.1; nitrogen max about 0.1; copper from about 0.5 to about 4; chromium from about 10 to about 14; molybdenum from about 0.5 to about 6; nickel from about 7 to about 11; cobalt 0 to about 9; tantalum max about 0.1; niobium max about 0.1; vanadium max 0.

Abstract: A device for use when hardening includes fixture parts (1, 4, 6) between which a workpiece is fixed during hardening. The device's fixture parts (1, 4, 6) are three or more so that two or more workpieces are fixed simultaneously in the device.

Abstract: A beam is provided for absorbing impact forces imparted to doors and sides of a vehicle body as a result of collisions from the side as well as from the front and rear of the vehicle. The beam (17, 18, 78, 88) is intended to protect people or goods inside the vehicle against personal injury or damage in the case of such an impact. The beam (17, 18, 78, 88) comprises at least one thin walled, closed profile roll formed member (52, 62, 72, 82) defining a cavity (63, 83). At least one wall of the member defines at least one longitudinally extending groove (53, 65, 73, 81). The beam (17, 18, 78, 88) may also be used as a standard building block for structural components.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing articles (8) in hardenable metal materials, a shaped workpiece (5.1, 5.2) with closed cross-section is hardened. The hardened workpiece (5.1, 5.2) is separated into at least two parts, where each part constitutes one shaped open cross-section. The invention also concerns a manufacturing process and a production line for the manufacture of articles (8) in hardenable metal materials.

Abstract: In an apparatus and method for manufacturing an automotive beam for use as a beam in structural components of automobiles, the beam is provided with significant improvements in terms of torsional rigidity and yield strength. The beam improves the overall safety of passengers and maintains the simplicity of the manufacturing process. The apparatus (1) for manufacturing roll formed profile beams comprises a plurality of material dispensers (2,6), a first set of rollers (5), a second set of rollers (11), a first welding station (10) mounted between the two sets of rollers (5, 11) and a second welding station (12) at the outlet of the second set of rollers (11). The method of manufacturing roll formed profile beams comprises the steps of roll forming a first profile element followed by roll forming a second profile element enclosing the first profile element and forming a closed profile beam having an internal support structure.

Abstract: In an apparatus for quenching thin walled metal hollow casings (6) manufactured by blow molding, the apparatus has a molding tool (1) defining a slot or aperture (21) and a delivery system for applying a coolant to the slot or aperture (21) of the molding tool (1). In a method of applying a coolant to the external surface of a blow molded casing (6), the coolant is applied onto an external surface of the casing (6) after the casing (6) has been formed against a tool (1) which includes at least one slot or aperture (21).

Abstract: A beam (2, 22) is provided for use as an A-pillar (21) and roof rail (1) of a vehicle. The beam is a closed profile elongated element defining a longitudinally extending recess (3, 23) for housing a weather strip (4, 24). The recess (3, 23) includes a base (14, 34), an inner wall (15, 35) and an outer wall (16, 36) and the weather strip (4, 24) is attached to the recess (3, 23). The weather strip (4, 24) is attached to the base (14, 34) of the recess by a double-sided adhesive tape (17, 37) pre-applied to the weather strip (4, 24) which adheres to the base of the recess on contact or by application of pressure.

Abstract: In a method for forming a three-dimensional object and in particular to a method for forming a three-dimensional beam, it is desirable to form three-dimensional beams (5) having complex forms by using an efficient forming process for the beams which may be incorporated into existing high volume production techniques. The apparatus (1, 31) for forming three-dimensional beams (5) comprises a support device and an actuation device. Support members (2, 32, 41, 51, 61) spaced about the longitudinal axis of the support device locally define an opening (4, 35, 43, 53, 63) for supporting a section of the beam (5). The position of adjacent openings (4, 35, 43, 53, 63) relative to one another defines the overall form of the beam (5) and the actuation device defines the position of each opening (4, 35, 43, 53, 63).

Abstract: A vehicle is subjected to many requirements and wishes. One of these is that the vehicle is to protect passengers and load during a collision. This is achieved in that different parts in and on the vehicle are designed and constructed such that they, in different ways, absorb, distribute and channel energy during a collision. A bumper bar for a vehicle must be deformed both elastically and/or plastically during a collision. This invention offers a bumper bar that in its basic construction provides these properties. The invention concerns a bumper bar for vehicles where the bar is extended and has a closed cross-section with at least one forward flange (1) facing forwards in the normal direction of motion of the vehicle, an upper web (3) and a lower web (4). The forward flange (1) of the bumper bar is provided with elastically deformable grooves (6).

Abstract: In a bumper bar for vehicles, the bar is extended in one dimension, has a closed cross-section and two ends and includes at least one front flange, one rear flange, one top side and one bottom side. The bumper bar has at least one part of the rear flange, lying along the bar, in contact with at least one part of the front flange, also lying along the bar. In the method for manufacturing the bumper bar, the at least one part of the rear flange is wholly or partially pressed in towards the at least one part of the front flange.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus (1,31) for forming a three-dimensional object and in particular to a method and apparatus (1,31) for forming a three-dimensional beam, it is desirable to form three-dimensional beams (5) having complex forms by using an efficient forming process for the beams which may be incorporated into existing high volume production techniques. The apparatus (1,31) for forming three-dimensional beams (5) comprises a support device and an actuation device. Support members (2, 32, 41, 51, 61) spaced about the longitudinal axis of the support device locally define an opening (4, 35, 43, 53, 63) for supporting a section of the beam (5). The position of adjacent openings (4, 35, 43, 53, 63) relative to one another defines the overall form of the beam (5) and the actuation device defines the position of each opening (4, 35, 43, 53, 63).

Abstract: A frame (1) for a vehicle seat is intended to be deformed, in part elastically and in part plastically, under the influence of forces, for example, in connection with a collision. The frame (1) is made from a metallic, hardened material. The frame absorbs energy during the plastic deformation by having at least one deformation zone (5) that has been imparted a reduced resistance via tempering of a portion of the metallic, hardened material.

Abstract: In a bumper bar for vehicles, the bar is extended in one dimension, has a closed cross-section and two ends and includes at least one front flange, one rear flange, one top side and one bottom side. The bumper bar has at least one part of the rear flange, lying along the bar, in contact with at least one part of the front flange, also lying along the bar. In the method for manufacturing the bumper bar, the at least one part of the rear flange is wholly or partially pressed in towards the at least one part of the front flange.

Abstract: A tube heat exchanger intended to be used for the production of carbon black, includes a cylindrical closed chamber having a plurality of tubes which extend through the entire, essentially cylindrically shaped chamber. Upper end of the tubes are attached to an upper end wall, preferably by welding, and hang down to a tube plate. The tube plate equipped with compensating devices to enable thermally induced expansions and contractions of the tubes to occur.

Abstract: A tube heat exchanger for the production of carbon black includes a support plate located at the lower end of a space through which heat exchanger tubes extend. The plate includes upper and lower spar support plates forming a spar space therebetween through which the heat exchanger tubes extend. The spar space is divided into a plurality of canals by partition walls. Each canal has its own inlet and outlet for conducting a flow of cooling medium. The flow direction of cooling medium in each canal is opposite that of an adjacent canal. Portions of the support plate are formed of an aluminum-containing, iron-based alloy produced powder-metallurgically.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for manufacturing quenched metal hollow casings of steel by blow-moulding whereby a preheated hollow casing billet, preferably above austenitising temperature, is introduced into a blow-moulding tool (1) and moulded by being expanded against the inner walls of the tool by the introduction of a preheated, pressurized medium into the interior cavity of the hollow casing, whereby the moulded hollow casing (6) is rapidly cooled in a process adapted to obtain quenching of the steel material by the dominating heated medium in the hollow casing being replaced by a pressurized cooling medium and that a cooling medium is led through the moulding tool to achieve its cooling.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a curved and quenched profile element, a profile element is positioned in a die tool with relatively movable tool halves for forming the profile element into a desired curved shape. The profile element is pushed between the tool halves thereby heating the profile element to a quenching temperature and forming it into the desired curved shape. Heat is dissipated from the curved profile element at an elevated cooling device whereat a cooling liquid flows through the die tool while the profile element is still contained therewithin. The profile element is transported in a forward direction along a manufacturing path to the cooling device and is transported in the same forward direction to remove it from the cooling device thereby providing continuous mechanical handling of the profile element during the manufacturing process.