Abstract: An energy storage composition can be used as a new Na-ion battery cathode material. The energy storage composition with an alluaudite phase of AxTy(PO4)z, NaxTy(PO4)z, Na1.702Fe3(PO4)3 and Na0.872Fe3(PO4)3, is described including the hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties. After ball milling and carbon coating, the compositions described herein demonstrate a reversible capacity, such as about 140.7 mAh/g. In addition these compositions exhibit good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. These alluaudite compounds represent a new cathode material for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable.

Abstract: An electrochemical method includes performing anodic halogenation of Cu foils, performing subsequent oxide-formation in a KHCO3 electrolyte, and performing an electroreduction in neutral KHCO3 to generate a copper catalyst.

Abstract: An energy storage composition can be used as a new Na-ion battery cathode material. The energy storage composition with an alluaudite phase of AxTy(PO4)z, NaxTy(PO4)z, Na1.702Fe3(PO4)3 and Na0.872Fe3(PO4)3, is described including the hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties. After ball milling and carbon coating, the compositions described herein demonstrate a reversible capacity, such as about 140.7 mAh/g. In addition these compositions exhibit good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. These alluaudite compounds represent a new cathode material for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable.

Abstract: An energy storage composition can be used as a new Na-ion battery cathode material. The energy storage composition with an alluaudite phase of AxTy(PO4)z, NaxTy(PO4)z, Na1.702Fe3(PO4)3 and Na0.872Fe3(PO4)3, is described including the hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties. After ball milling and carbon coating, the compositions described herein demonstrate a reversible capacity, such as about 140.7 mAh/g. In addition these compositions exhibit good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. These alluaudite compounds represent a new cathode material for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable.

Abstract: An electrochemical method includes performing anodic halogenation of Cu foils, performing subsequent oxide-formation in a KHCO3 electrolyte, and performing an electroreduction in neutral KHCO3 to generate a copper catalyst.

Abstract: An energy storage composition can be used as a new Na-ion battery cathode material. The energy storage composition with an alluaudite phase of AxTy(PO4)z, NaxTy(PO4)z, Na1.702Fe3(PO4)3 and Na0.872Fe3(PO4)3, is described including the hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties. After ball milling and carbon coating, the compositions described herein demonstrate a reversible capacity, such as about 140.7 mAh/g. In addition these compositions exhibit good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. These alluaudite compounds represent a new cathode material for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable.

Abstract: An energy storage composition can be used as a new Na-ion battery cathode material. The energy storage composition with an alluaudite phase of AxTy(PO4)z, NaxTy(PO4)z, Na1.702Fe3(PO4)3 and Na0.872Fe3(PO4)3, is described including the hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties. After ball milling and carbon coating, the compositions described herein demonstrate a reversible capacity, such as about 140.7 mAh/g. In addition these compositions exhibit good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. These alluaudite compounds represent a new cathode material for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable.

Abstract: This invention includes a catalytic copper electrode is selected from the group comprising copper nanofoam, copper aerogel, and copper nanoparticles. Particular note is made of the catalytic copper electrode having at least about 5 times and preferably about 10 times the electrochemically accessible surface area as determined by the Randles-Sevcik equation at 50 mV/s. particular note is made of the catalytic coper electrode being a copper nanofoam electrode. This invention further includes a method for the reduction of CO2 by the steps of (i) providing a membrane divided electrochemical cell comprising an anode in a first cell compartment, a catalytic-copper electrode in a second cell compartment containing an aqueous electrolyte in contact with the anode and cathode; (ii) introducing CO2 to said second cell compartment (iii) exposing said CO2 to said catalytic-copper electrode at a step potential between about ?0.8 and preferably about ?1.0 and about ?1.

Abstract: An energy storage composition can be used as a new Na-ion battery cathode material. The energy storage composition with an alluaudite phase of AxTy(PO4)z, NaxTy(PO4)z, Na1.702Fe3(PO4)3 and Na0.872Fe3(PO4)3, is described including the hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties. After ball milling and carbon coating, the compositions described herein demonstrate a reversible capacity, such as about 140.7 mAh/g. In addition these compositions exhibit good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. These alluaudite compounds represent a new cathode material for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable.

Abstract: This invention includes a catalytic copper electrode is selected from the group comprising copper nanofoam, copper aerogel, and copper nanoparticles. Particular note is made of the catalytic copper electrode having at least about 5 times and preferably about 10 times the electrochemically accessible surface area as determined by the Randles-Sevcik equation at 50 mV/s. particular note is made of the catalytic coper electrode being a copper nanofoam electrode. This invention further includes a method for the reduction of CO2 by the steps of (i) providing a membrane divided electrochemical cell comprising an anode in a first cell compartment, a catalytic-copper electrode in a second cell compartment containing an aqueous electrolyte in contact with the anode and cathode; (ii) introducing CO2 to said second cell compartment (iii) exposing said CO2 to said catalytic-copper electrode at a step potential between about ?0.8 and preferably about ?1.0 and about ?1.

Abstract: A method of using clathrate hydrates (including ammonia clathrates), in electrochemical transformations. Noted are converting clathrate guest molecules such as CO2, CH4, alkanes, and alkenes; and, optionally, the use of clathrates-promoting molecules such as tetra hydro furan, to produce higher value carbon molecules including propane and formic acid.

Abstract: A method of using clathrate hydrates (including ammonia clathrates), in electrochemical transformations. Noted are converting clathrate guest molecules such as CO2, CH4, alkanes, and alkenes; and, optionally, the use of clathrates-promoting molecules such as tetra hydro furan, to produce higher value carbon molecules including propane and formic acid.

Abstract: A system for harvesting electric energy from illumination by photons by photo- and bioelectrocatalysis includes an electrode coated with conducting polymer matrix containing the oxidoreductase, laccase, and a redox mediator, 2,2?-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiaxoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). The photo-anode is based on nanocrystalline TlO2 (Degussa, P25) adhered to a fluorine tin oxide (FTO) electrode. The device operation is based on a continuous photocatalytic oxidation of water to oxygen at a TiO2-photoanode and bioelectrocatalytic reduction of oxygen to water at a biocathode under illumination with light.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a redox-active, conducting polymer energy storage system, said system including an electrode and a counter electrode, wherein the electrode comprises a first conducting polymer and the counter electrode comprises a second conducting polymer, wherein the first conducting polymer is doped by at least one or more first redox-active compounds and/or by a polymer and/or a co-polymer of the one or more first redox-active compounds and the second conducting polymer is doped by at least one or more second redox-active compounds and/or by a polymer and/or a co-polymer of the one or more second redox-active compounds, and wherein there is a potential difference between the dopant for the electrode and the dopant for the counter electrode. In one preferred embodiment, the first or the second redox-active compound is 2,2?-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS).

Abstract: This invention is directed to an intein-based vitamin D fluorescent biosensor that accurately and rapidly measures 1?,25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Measurement at picomolar quantities is noted. Particular reference is made to the use of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a sensor organism, although yeast and mammalian host organisms are also contemplated.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a redox-active, conducting polymer energy storage system, said system including an electrode and a counter electrode, wherein the electrode comprises a first conducting polymer and the counter electrode comprises a second conducting polymer, wherein the first conducting polymer is doped by at least one or more first redox-active compounds and/or by a polymer and/or a co-polymer of the one or more first redox-active compounds and the second conducting polymer is doped by at least one or more second redox-active compounds and/or by a polymer and/or a co-polymer of the one or more second redox-active compounds, and wherein there is a potential difference between the dopant for the electrode and the dopant for the counter electrode. In one preferred embodiment, the first or the second redox-active compound is 2,2?-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS).

Abstract: The present invention provides a monomer comprising the structure: wherein R1 and/or R1? are selected from the group consisting of MeO, EtO, COF3, SO4H, SO3?, SO3H, H, CHNO4S2F3, C5H4N2O6S2F6, C10H10N4S2, CH3, n-Bu, Cl, NH2, EtN, Br, alkyl, ether, ester, sulfonate, ammonium, carboxylate, phosphonate and any combination thereof, R2 and/or R2?, are selected from the group consisting of EtO, SO3H, H, C10H10N4S2, CH3, Cl, C6H14N2S and any combination thereof, R3 and/or R3? are selected from the group consisting of CH3, Cl, H and any combination thereof, and R4 and/or R4? are selected from the group consisting of CH3, H, C2H5, C4H9, C6H5, C8H17, C2H5S, C3H7S, C4H8Br, C10H23N, C20H21N2, C18H25N2, C21H23N2, C31H29N2O2, C22H25N4, C20H25N2, C3H7OS, and any combination thereof.