Abstract: Multiple packet traffic profiling models are created from known packet traffic flows that are labeled, where a label is an actual value of a factor influencing one or more characteristics of the known packet traffic flow. Features, which are different from the factors, are measured for each flow. Flow clusters are defined from the labeled traffic flows by processing their features and labels. The profiling models are created based on cluster information. When an unknown packet flow is received, the multiple packet traffic profiling models are evaluated according to a confidence and a completeness associated with each of the packet traffic profiling models. The packet traffic profiling model with a predetermined confidence and completeness is selected and applied to profile the unknown packet traffic flow.

Abstract: A monitoring system is provided for monitoring transport of data through interconnected nodes for processing data packets in a communication system, wherein said data packets conform to a layered transmission protocol, the system comprising: (1) a marking node for marking a packet selected according to a marking rule by placing a monitoring indicator in the lowest protocol layer thereof, said data packet having a first number of protocol layers, (2) at least, one packet processing node for forming a data packet based or the marked packet, such that said formed data packet comprises a second number of protocol layers that is different from said first number of protocol layers and such that said indicator is in the lowest protocol layer of said formed data packet, and (3) a monitoring node for monitoring said transport of data on the basis of the indicators in data packets that have passed through the at least one packet processing node.

Abstract: There is provided a method of processing, analysing or profiling traffic in a packet switched telecommunications network. During a first phase (S1 to S4), for each of a plurality of applications, traffic generated by the application is analysed (S2) to identify a collection of one or more characteristic bit sequences for the application, or at least such a plurality of collections is provided.

Abstract: Packet traffic profiling models are created based on packet headers of a packet flow at a first model aggregation level to obtain first flow information describing packet-oriented parameters of the flow. A machine learning algorithm (MLA) creates a first model based on the first information, determines if the first model achieves a first confidence level, and if not, defines multiple flow slices in the packet flow. Flow slices at a second higher model aggregation level are processed to obtain second flow information describing flow slice-oriented parameters of the packet flow, and an MLA creates a second model based on the second information to determine if the second model achieves a second confidence level. If so, the process completes; if not, further processing continues at a next level. One of the models is selected for profiling packet traffic flows.

Abstract: An entity in a telecommunications network, for example a user equipment, determines a threshold value relating to a channel switching parameter that is being used by the telecommunications network to trigger a channel switching operation, and uses this threshold value and monitored traffic information to prevent a channel change from occurring, i.e. to maintain channel occupancy. A network node is adapted to remove additional traffic that has been generated by an entity in the telecommunications network to maintain channel occupancy.

Abstract: This disclosure relates a method within a network node and a corresponding network node for determining input information for creation of a data traffic clustering model. The method comprises obtaining data descriptors of data flows, wherein the data descriptors describe data of the data flows, and obtaining flow information of the data flows. In addition, the method comprises determining clustering model input information based on the obtained data descriptors and the obtained flow information. One exemplary advantage of the present disclosure is that it allows traffic clustering based solely on packet header information, making the present disclosure appropriate for handling encrypted traffic.

Abstract: Hybrid packet traffic flow profiling technology inspects packet headers to classify packet traffic flows using clustering models developed using unsupervised learning based on known packet traffic flows and one or more traffic classification models developed using supervised learning based on the known packet traffic flows.

Abstract: Multiple packet traffic profiling models are created from known packet traffic flows that are labeled, where a label is an actual value of a factor influencing one or more characteristics of the known packet traffic flow. Features, which are different from the factors, are measured for each flow. Flow clusters are defined from the labeled traffic flows by processing their features and labels. The profiling models are created based on cluster information. When an unknown packet flow is received, the multiple packet traffic profiling models are evaluated according to a confidence and a completeness associated with each of the packet traffic profiling models. The packet traffic profiling model with a predetermined confidence and completeness is selected and applied to profile the unknown packet traffic flow.

Abstract: A system, a method, and a graphical user interface testing tool are described herein for constructing a validation trace (i.e., high-speed realistic network traffic) using a real network without causing privacy concerns. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: (a) providing a client device which has one or more applications operating thereon and a graphical user interface; (b) recording user interactions on the client device; (c) extracting usage scenarios from real network traffic in the real network; (d) emulating user actions on the client device according to a specific user scenario by utilizing the recorded user interactions and the extracted usage scenarios to generate additional real traffic in the real network; and (e) creating the validation trace based on the generated additional real traffic and the extracted usage scenarios.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program of automatic signature generation for application recognition and user tracking over a network is described. This apparatus, method and computer program receive a set of flows of Internet traffic, find motifs in the Internet traffic, rate the motifs by looking them up in the set of flows of Internet traffic using sequence alignment to generate a sequence, create clusters of motifs from the sequence and generate regular expressions (regexps) from the clusters of motifs to serve as traffic signatures.

Abstract: A system, a method, and a graphical user interface testing tool are described herein for constructing a validation trace (i.e., high-speed realistic network traffic) using a real network without causing privacy concerns. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: (a) providing a client device which has one or more applications operating thereon and a graphical user interface; (b) recording user interactions on the client device; (c) extracting usage scenarios from real network traffic in the real network; (d) emulating user actions on the client device according to a specific user scenario by utilizing the recorded user interactions and the extracted usage scenarios to generate additional real traffic in the real network; and (e) creating the validation trace based on the generated additional real traffic and the extracted usage scenarios.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a method and apparatus for encoding the signature string X into a first part B and a second part R with reference to a dictionary comprising a plurality of codes. The first part B identifies which, if any, characters of the signature string X are wildcard characters. The second part R is formed by, for each character in the signature string X that is not a wildcard character, retrieving a code from the dictionary based on the character and its position within the signature string X, the dictionary holding a different code for each such character-position pairing, and combining the retrieved codes according to a predetermined logical operation (e.g. XOR) to form the second part R.

Abstract: The invention relates to new 8-chloro-2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives of the general formula (I), wherein R stands for a lower alkyl group or a group of the general formula —NH—R?, wherein R? stands for a lower alkyl or a lower cycloalkyl group), and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. The invention also encompasses a process for the preparation of said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and new intermediates useful for the preparation of the new 8-chloro-2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives. The compounds according to the invention possess AMPA/kainate receptor inhibiting activity.

Abstract: A monitoring system is provided for monitoring transport of data through interconnected nodes for processing data packets in a communication system, wherein said data packets conform to a layered transmission protocol, the system comprising: (1) a marking node for marking a packet selected according to a marking rule by placing a monitoring indicator in the lowest protocol layer thereof, said data packet having a first number of protocol layers, (2) at least, one packet processing node for forming a data packet based or the marked packet, such that said formed data packet comprises a second number of protocol layers that is different from said first number of protocol layers and such that said indicator is in the lowest protocol layer of said formed data packet, and (3) a monitoring node for monitoring said transport of data on the basis of the indicators in data packets that have passed through the at least one packet processing node.

Abstract: A technique for classifying network traffic in the form of data packets generated by multiple applications installed on a device (400) is provided. A method implementation of this technique performed by the device (400) comprises the steps of receiving data packets belonging to one or more data flows, wherein each data flow includes the data packets generated by a specific one of the multiple applications, analyzing the received data packets to identify the application associated with each analyzed data packet, and classifying at least one data flow by including an application identifier in at least one of the analyzed data packets of this data flow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dihydro-2,3-benzodiazepine compounds of high enantiomeric purity according to the general formula (I), which contain an asymmetric centre at the position 4 of the dihydro-2,3-benzodiazepine compound, and the preparation thereof and the used intermediates as well. These compounds have anti-convulsiveA muscle relaxant and neuroprotective effect due their non-competitive AMPA antagonistic properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to new 8-chloro-2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives of the general formula (I), wherein R stands for a lower alkyl group or a group of the general formula —NH—R?, wherein R? stands for a lower alkyl or a lower cycloalkyl group), and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. The invention also encompasses a process for the preparation of said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and new intermediates useful for the preparation of the new 8-chloro-2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives. The compounds according to the invention possess AMPA/kainate receptor inhibiting activity.

Abstract: The invention refers to novel 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives of formula (I) and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same as the active ingredient. The novel compounds antipasmodic, muscle relaxant and neuroprotective activities. In formula I; X represents a hydrogen atom, a chloro atom or a methoxy group; Y stands for a hydrogen atom or a halo atom; Z means a methyl group or a chloro atom; R is a C1-4 alkyl group or a group of the formula —NR1R2, wherein R1 and R2 represent, independently, a hydrogen atom, a C1-4 alkyl group, a C1-4 alkoxy group or a C3-6 cycloalkyl group.

Abstract: The invention relates to new 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives of general Formula (I), (wherein R1 stands for methyl, formyl, carboxy, cyano, —CH?NOH, —CH?NNHCONH2 or —NR5R6, wherein R5 and R6 independently from each other represent hydrogen or lower alkyl or together with the nitrogen atom, they are attached to, form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or more further nitrogen, sulfur and/or oxygen atom(s); R2 is nitro or amino; R3 stands for hydrogen, lower alkanoyl or CO—NR7R8, wherein R7 and R8 independently from each other stand for hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl or lower cycloalkyl or together with the nitrogen atom, they are attached to, form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or more further nitrogen, sulfur and/or oxygen atom(s); R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; the dotted lines have the following meaning: if R3 and R4 are not present, the bond between positions C8 and C9 is a single bond and th

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a novel 8-substituted-9H-1,3-dioxolo-[4,5-h][2,3]benzodiazepine compound of formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable quaternary ammonium salts thereof, a process for preparing the same, a pharmaceutical composition containing a 8-substituted-9H-1,3-dioxolo-[4,5-h][2,3]benzodiazepine compound, and a method of treatment using the pharmaceutical composition. A complete description of the compound of formula I is found in the specification. The compounds of the general formula I possess unique competitive AMPA/kainite antagonist properties making them useful in the treatment of diseases where inhibition of the AMPA/kainite receptors may a favorable effect.