Abstract: A lighting apparatus is provided having a plurality N of light sources arranged annularly around the optical axis of a reflector. The efficiency of such an apparatus and its service life are improved by providing a central mirrored column which is symmetrically disposed with respect to the light sources. The column has C.sub.N or D.sub.N symmetry and reflects light emitted by the light sources away from the light sources themselves, thereby reducing the amount of light reflected back at the light sources and reducing their thermal load. The column has peaks that extend into the notional annulus on which the light sources are arranged to shield adjacent light sources from each other.

Abstract: A light source having a single glass bulb housing and a multiple of three electrically interconnected fluorescent tubes. The tubes are located outside of the focal point of a smooth curved mirror. The phases of the fluorescent bulbs are electrically overlapped so as to substantially eliminate flickering of the light and to maximize the light intensity.This is a file wrapper continuation of application Ser. No. 166,783, filed Mar. 2, 1988; which is a file wrapper continuation of application Ser. No. 859,614, filed on May 5, 1986, both now abandoned.

Abstract: A logical toy containing movable and/or rotatable elements or element groups, the path of motion or axis of rotation thereof, including sensors staying in an actuating forced connection directly or through a mechanic transmission. One or two circuit switches are suitable for closing and opening the path of electric, magnetic or optical signals, which form, individually or in groups, one or more logical nets serving as signal transmitters. The outputs thereof are connected directly through mechanic connecting elements (4, 5, 9, 11) to an electric counter (2). The sensors, i.e. the signal transmitters (1) containing the sensors, can be connected to an electronic chronometer (6). One or more axes of the toy are hollow or tubular, and the sensors and/or their leads are arranged in the inside of the tubular axes (22) and/or in the hollow of the center-plate elements (18).