Abstract: A method of measuring the junction temperature, Tj, of a semiconductor switching element in real-time, and a device for carrying out such a measurement are described. A plurality of measurements of a first and a second, different, temperature-sensitive parameter (TSP) of the semiconductor switching element while recording other quantities determining the semiconductor switching element operating point is taken. The junction temperature value based on the measured values of the first temperature-sensitive parameter and the at least one second temperature-sensitive parameter are calculated and compared to determine the actual junction temperature Tj. Each of the plurality of measurements of the first temperature-sensitive parameter and the at least one second temperature-sensitive parameter is synchronized with a switching event of the semiconductor switching element.

Abstract: A utility vehicle control device for a parking brake device of a trailer vehicle includes a pneumatic supply connection, a control connection for controlling a spring brake cylinder, a directly manually actuatable parking valve, a first connection line and a control valve for controlling the parking valve. The parking valve is arranged in the first connection line, and wherein as a result of the parking valve, the supply connection and the control connection can be connected via the first connection line. A control line branches from the first connection line. The control line is connected to a first pneumatic control input of the control valve, wherein the control valve has a second pneumatic control input.

Abstract: A bidirectional connection between a multimedia stream distribution system and a user is used to communicate operational data to and from the user. The bidirectional connection is separate from a multimedia connection that transfers a multimedia stream from the multimedia stream distribution system to the user. Providing a bidirectional connection separate from the multimedia connection is advantageous, among other reasons, because the operational data can be collected effectively at the multimedia stream distribution system independent of any limitations in the multimedia connection. To organize users and reduce processing load, the multimedia stream distribution system assigns users to user groups based on shared characteristics. Groups may be used to propagate information to the users as well as analyze information collected from the users in an efficient manner.

Abstract: A bidirectional connection between a multimedia stream distribution system and a user is used to communicate operational data to and from the user. The bidirectional connection is separate from a multimedia connection that transfers a multimedia stream from the multimedia stream distribution system to the user. Providing a bidirectional connection separate from the multimedia connection is advantageous, among other reasons, because the operational data can be collected effectively at the multimedia stream distribution system independent of any limitations in the multimedia connection. To organize users and reduce processing load, the multimedia stream distribution system assigns users to user groups based on shared characteristics. Groups may be used to propagate information to the users as well as analyze information collected from the users in an efficient manner.

Abstract: The invention is a control method and a control device for determining components of a control voltage of an inverter adapted for feeding power to a grid, in the course of which a vector direction (?*) of a voltage of the grid is determined, on the basis of active power and reactive power of the grid, current reference signal components (id,ref, iq,ref) are determined, Park vector components (ix, iy) are generated by Park transformation from components (i1, i2, i3) associated with phases of a current of the inverter, the current reference signal components (id,ref, iq ref) are transformed into the transformed current reference signal components (ix,ref, iy,ref) on the basis of the vector direction (?*), a first error signal is generated by leading the first component (ix) of the Park vector and the first component (ix ref) of the transformed current reference signal to a first subtracting unit (77), and a second error signal is generated by leading the second component (iy) of the Park vector and the second c

Abstract: A bidirectional connection between a multimedia stream distribution system and a user is used to communicate operational data to and from the user. The bidirectional connection is separate from a multimedia connection that transfers a multimedia stream from the multimedia stream distribution system to the user. Providing a bidirectional connection separate from the multimedia connection is advantageous, among other reasons, because the operational data can be collected effectively at the multimedia stream distribution system independent of any limitations in the multimedia connection. To organize users and reduce processing load, the multimedia stream distribution system assigns users to user groups based on shared characteristics. Groups may be used to propagate information to the users as well as analyze information collected from the users in an efficient manner.

Abstract: A bidirectional connection between a multimedia stream distribution system and a user is used to communicate operational data to and from the user. The bidirectional connection is separate from a multimedia connection that transfers a multimedia stream from the multimedia stream distribution system to the user. Providing a bidirectional connection separate from the multimedia connection is advantageous, among other reasons, because the operational data can be collected effectively at the multimedia stream distribution system independent of any limitations in the multimedia connection. To organize users and reduce processing load, the multimedia stream distribution system assigns users to user groups based on shared characteristics. Groups may be used to propagate information to the users as well as analyze information collected from the users in an efficient manner.

Abstract: A metal halide discharge lamp comprises a lamp body and a chamber formed within the body. A pair of electrodes extends into the chamber and have electrode tips spaced apart from one another. A discharge medium composition is sealed within the chamber that generates a plasma, which generates visible light. The composition comprises a rare gas, a first metal halide that produces a luminous flux and zinc iodide that generates a desired lamp operating voltage. The composition may also comprise zinc, sealed in the chamber, in elemental form that is not derived from the first metal halide or the zinc iodide. The zinc iodide halide serves as a substitute for mercury for purposes of generating desired lamp operating voltage; and, the excess pure zinc attracts or reacts with iodine atoms thereby making available electrons and the first metal halide for generation of a luminous flux.

Abstract: A metal halide discharge lamp comprises a lamp body and a chamber formed within the body. A pair of electrodes extends into the chamber and have electrode tips spaced apart from one another. A discharge medium composition is sealed within the chamber that generates a plasma, which generates visible light. The composition comprises a rare gas, a first metal halide that produces a luminous flux and zinc iodide that generates a desired lamp operating voltage. The composition may also comprise zinc, sealed in the chamber, in elemental form that is not derived from the first metal halide or the zinc iodide. The zinc iodide halide serves as a substitute for mercury for purposes of generating desired lamp operating voltage; and, the excess pure zinc attracts or reacts with iodine atoms thereby making available electrons and the first metal halide for generation of a luminous flux.