Abstract: The invention provides light-emitting compositions, including lasing and fluorescent compositions. The invention particularly relates to programmable biological substrates, which fluoresce and/or lase, and which have a wide variety of different applications. The invention extends to use of the fluorescent compositions and lasing compositions comprising programmable biological substrates in fabricating lasers, and in various biological imaging applications, such as in assays.

Abstract: A universal quantum computing system uses electro-nuclear wavefunctions of rare-earth ions embedded in an insulating solid state matrix. Each rare-earth ion represents a nuclear qubit that can be selectively operated as a passive or active qubit. The passive qubit is a passive electronic doublet at a non-degenerate ground state that stores the quantum information in the two different nuclear spin states possible in the non-degenerate ground state causing two different passive-state electro-nuclear wavefunctions. The active qubit is an active electronic doublet at a non-degenerate excited state that stores the quantum information in the two different nuclear spin states possible in the non-degenerate excited state. A laser source generates laser pulses to optically excite the rare-earth ions from the non-degenerate ground state into the non-degenerate excited state and vice versa, to locally control the electronic dipolar interaction in a tunable manner among at least two active qubits.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a device comprising: a substrate comprising a III-V semiconductor having a crystalline surface; and a kagome lattice formed from atoms of an element with atomic number Z greater than or equal to 14, deposited on said surface of the semiconductor. According to a second aspect there is provided a fabrication method for forming a kagome lattice or other lattice structure such as a honeycomb or Moiré super lattice.

Abstract: Selective amplification of DNA in PCR exponentially increases the signal in molecular diagnostics for nucleic acids, but analogous techniques exist for signal enhancement in clinical tests for proteins or cells. Instead, the signal from affinity-based measurements of these biomolecules depends linearly on probe concentration. Substituting antibody-based probes tagged for fluorescent quantification with lasing detection probes would create a new platform for biomarker quantification based on optical rather than enzymatic amplification. Here, a viral laser is constructed which bridges synthetic biology and laser physics, and demonstrates viral-lasing probes for biosensing. At the transition to lasing, photon flux from the probes increases by five orders of magnitude and narrows spectral linewidth to below 5.0 nm.

Abstract: The invention provides light-emitting compositions, including lasing and fluorescent compositions. The invention particularly relates to programmable biological substrates, which fluoresce and/or lase, and which have a wide variety of different applications. The invention extends to use of the fluorescent compositions and lasing compositions comprising programmable biological substrates in fabricating lasers, and in various biological imaging applications, such as in assays.

Abstract: A method of measuring surface curvature comprises forming an intensity distribution defined by Fresnel diffraction, wherein said intensity distribution is formed by electromagnetic radiation reflected from a surface, obtaining data for the intensity distribution and determining information relating to the curvature of the surface using the obtained data.

Abstract: A microfluidic device, for analysis, comprising: a chip (1) comprising a cavity (3); a light emitting diode or a laser which emits a first electromagnetic radiation (4) for heating a sample placed in the cavity in use; and an analytical assembly (7) configured to record a change in the sample arising from an interaction of the sample with the first source of electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A method of measuring surface curvature comprises forming an intensity distribution defined by Fresnel diffraction, wherein said intensity distribution is formed by electromagnetic radiation reflected from a surface, obtaining data for the intensity distribution and determining information relating to the curvature of the surface using the obtained data.

Abstract: The invention provides light-emitting compositions, including lasing and fluorescent compositions. The invention particularly relates to programmable biological substrates, which fluoresce and/or lase, and which have a wide variety of different applications. The invention extends to use of the fluorescent compositions and lasing compositions comprising programmable biological substrates in fabricating lasers, and in various biological imaging applications, such as in assays.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring the deformation of a tethered or untethered cantilever by projecting a radiation beam onto the cantilever, detecting an interference pattern reflected from or transmitted through the cantilever, and calculating the deformation of the cantilever by measuring the intensity variation within at least a portion of the interference pattern.

Abstract: A method for manipulating domain pinning and reversal in a ferromagnetic material comprises applying an external magnetic field to a uniaxial ferromagnetic material comprising a plurality of magnetic domains, where each domain has an easy axis oriented along a predetermined direction. The external magnetic field is applied transverse to the predetermined direction and at a predetermined temperature. The strength of the magnetic field is varied at the predetermined temperature, thereby isothermally regulating pinning of the domains. A magnetic storage device for controlling domain dynamics includes a magnetic hard disk comprising a uniaxial ferromagnetic material, a magnetic recording head including a first magnet, and a second magnet. The ferromagnetic material includes a plurality of magnetic domains each having an easy axis oriented along a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A method for manipulating domain pinning and reversal in a ferromagnetic material comprises applying an external magnetic field to a uniaxial ferromagnetic material comprising a plurality of magnetic domains, where each domain has an easy axis oriented along a predetermined direction. The external magnetic field is applied transverse to the predetermined direction and at a predetermined temperature. The strength of the magnetic field is varied at the predetermined temperature, thereby isothermally regulating pinning of the domains. A magnetic storage device for controlling domain dynamics includes a magnetic hard disk comprising a uniaxial ferromagnetic material, a magnetic recording head including a first magnet, and a second magnet. The ferromagnetic material includes a plurality of magnetic domains each having an easy axis oriented along a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A method for manipulating domain pinning and reversal in a ferromagnetic material comprises applying an external magnetic field to a uniaxial ferromagnetic material comprising a plurality of magnetic domains, where each domain has an easy axis oriented along a predetermined direction. The external magnetic field is applied transverse to the predetermined direction and at a predetermined temperature. The strength of the magnetic field is varied at the predetermined temperature, thereby isothermally regulating pinning of the domains. A magnetic storage device for controlling domain dynamics includes a magnetic hard disk comprising a uniaxial ferromagnetic material, a magnetic recording head including a first magnet, and a second magnet. The ferromagnetic material includes a plurality of magnetic domains each having an easy axis oriented along a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A microfluidic device, for analysis, comprising: a chip (1) comprising a cavity (3); a light emitting diode or a laser which emits a first electromagnetic radiation (4) for heating a sample placed in the cavity in use; and an analytical assembly (7) configured to record a change in the sample arising from an interaction of the sample with the first source of electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring the deformation of a tethered or untethered cantilever by projecting a radiation beam onto the cantilever, detecting an interference pattern reflected from or transmitted through the cantilever, and calculating the deformation of the cantilever by measuring the intensity variation within at least a portion of the interference pattern.

Abstract: A magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cell is provided. The magnetic random access memory cell comprises an insulating substrate, an electrically conductive base line provided on the insulating substrate, at least one magnetic quantum dot attached to the base line, and an electrically conductive top line provided across the at least one magnetic quantum dot in a direction transverse to the base line. A junction is thereby formed between the base line and the top line. At least one of the base line and the top line comprise a magnetic material. A method for manufacturing the magnetic random access memory cell is also provided. In addition, an array of magnetic random access memory cells is provided, as well as a method for manufacturing same.

Abstract: A magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cell is provided. The magnetic random access memory cell comprises an insulating substrate, an electrically conductive base line provided on the insulating substrate, at least one magnetic quantum dot attached to the base line, and an electrically conductive top line provided across the at least one magnetic quantum dot in a direction transverse to the base line. A junction is thereby formed between the base line and the top line. At least one of the base line and the top line comprise a magnetic material. A method for manufacturing the magnetic random access memory cell is also provided. In addition, an array of magnetic random access memory cells is provided, as well as a method for manufacturing same.