Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated polymerization catalyst compositions including an active catalytic metal component and an ionic compound component and methods for making and using same.

Abstract: The instant disclosure relates hair care compositions comprising ionic liquids or ionic mixtures. Ionic liquids or ionic mixtures are combined with a cosmetically acceptable carrier to form ready-to-use hair care compositions. The ionic liquids and the ionic mixtures are formed from; (1) thiolactic acid and/or one or more alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts thereof; and (2) one or more amine compounds, and/or one or more ammonium cationic compounds, and/or one or more salts thereof. The ionic liquids, the ionic mixtures, and the hair care compositions comprising the ionic liquids or the ionic mixtures, are useful in methods for preventing hair damage, shaping hair, caring for hair, etc.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated polymerization catalyst compositions including an active catalytic metal component and an ionic compound component and methods for making and using same.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of printing a three-dimensional (3D) article from a printing composition comprising a biopolymer are described. In addition to the biopolymer, the printing composition includes an ionic liquid solvent and optionally, a synthetic polymer. The method of printing the 3D article includes extruding the printing composition from a deposition nozzle moving relative to a substrate, depositing one or more layers comprising the printing composition in a predetermined pattern on the substrate, and treating the one or more layers to form the 3D article. The one or more layers deposited on the substrate can exhibit sufficient stiffness to maintain its shape once deposited, thus depositing the printing composition into a mold is not required. Treating the one or more layers can comprise coagulating the biopolymer and/or removing the ionic liquid solvent using an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods of preparing compositions of active herbicidal ingredients comprising two or more active herbicidal ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to reduce herbicide resistance and minimize off-target movement.

Abstract: Disclosed are double salt ionic liquids that include at least one organic cation and at least two metal halide anions. Methods of making the double salt ionic liquids can include combining two or more metal halide containing salts, wherein the metal halide containing salts include at least one organic cation and at least two metal halide anions. The reaction between the two or more salts at any ratio allows fine tuning, rate of dissolution, solubility, and bioavailability of the double salt ionic liquids. The ionic liquids disclosed herein can be used as a catalyst for catalyzing a chemical reaction. The chemical reaction can be an acid catalyzed chemical reaction such as a Lewis acid catalyzed reaction, a Beckmann rearrangement reaction, a Meyer-Schuster rearrangement reaction, a heterocyclic synthesis, a reaction for biodiesel production, a mercury-catalyzed type reaction, or a hydrogen-fluoride catalyzed type reaction.

Abstract: The instant disclosure relates hair care compositions comprising ionic liquids or ionic mixtures. Ionic liquids or ionic mixtures are combined with a cosmetically acceptable carrier to form ready-to-use hair care compositions. The ionic liquids and the ionic mixtures are formed from; (1) thiolactic acid and/or one or more alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts thereof; and (2) one or more amine compounds, and/or one or more ammonium cationic compounds, and/or one or more salts thereof. The ionic liquids, the ionic mixtures, and the hair care compositions comprising the ionic liquids or the ionic mixtures, are useful in methods for preventing hair damage, shaping hair, caring for hair, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for dissolving biopolymers and synthetic polymers using mixtures of different ionic liquids and compositions comprising the mixture. The methods involve contacting a polymer with a mixture of ionic liquids to provide a composition of polymer and the mixture; the mixture of ionic liquids is prepared by either mixing ionic liquids or by a process comprising reacting ionic liquid precursors in one-pot to form the ionic liquids.

Abstract: Methods of separating chitin from a chitinous biomass that contains chitin and non-chitin material by a chemical pulping process that uses a protic ionic liquid or a composition comprising acid and base precursor molecules are described. Also described are methods for purifying chemically pulped chitin resulting in a pure chitin material with a high molecular weight and a higher degree of acetylation in comparison to traditional pulping and ionic liquid extraction based methods.

Abstract: Methods for making graphene-biopolymer composite materials are described. The methods can comprise contacting an ionic liquid with a biopolymer and graphene, thereby forming a mixture; contacting the mixture with a non-solvent, thereby forming the graphene-biopolymer composite material in the non-solvent; and collecting the graphene-biopolymer composite material from the non-solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods of preparing compositions of active herbicidal ingredients comprising two or more active herbicidal ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to reduce herbicide resistance and minimize off-target movement. The present disclosure relates to compositions of herbicidal ionic liquids comprising one or more active herbicide ingredients and methods of making and using such ionic liquids. In some aspects, the herbicidal ionic liquids with multiple active herbicide ingredients can be prepared as separate ionic liquids, each with a single active, and later combined.

Abstract: Disclosed are double salt ionic liquids that include at least one organic cation and at least two metal halide anions. Methods of making the double salt ionic liquids can include combining two or more metal halide containing salts, wherein the metal halide containing salts include at least one organic cation and at least two metal halide anions. The reaction between the two or more salts at any ratio allows fine tuning, rate of dissolution, solubility, and bioavailability of the double salt ionic liquids. The ionic liquids disclosed herein can be used as a catalyst for catalyzing a chemical reaction. The chemical reaction can be an acid catalyzed chemical reaction such as a Lewis acid catalyzed reaction, a Beckmann rearrangement reaction, a Meyer-Schuster rearrangement reaction, a heterocyclic synthesis, a reaction for biodiesel production, a mercury-catalyzed type reaction, or a hydrogen-fluoride catalyzed type reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for electrospinning chitinous biomass solution to form chitin fibers, using ionic liquids or other ion-containing liquids as solvent. Chitin fibers produced thereby and articles containing such chitin fibers are also disclosed. The chitin fiber thus obtained has very high surface area and improved strength over currently commercially available chitin materials.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for providing a biopolymer from a biomass or source of chitin using ionic liquids. The processes involve contacting a biomass or source of chitin with an ionic liquid to produce a biopolymer comprising solution and precipitating the biopolymer from the solution with supercritical CO2, gaseous CO2, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ionic liquid compositions comprising active pharmaceutical, biological, and nutritional compounds, and methods of use. Further disclosed are compositions of matter including liquid ion pairs alone or in solution and their use; compositions of ionic liquids that are ‘solvated,’ for example, ‘hydrated’ and their uses.

Abstract: Methods of separating chitin from a chitinous biomass that contains chitin and non-chitin material by a chemical pulping process that uses a protic ionic liquid or a composition comprising acid and base precursor molecules are described. Also described are methods for purifying chemically pulped chitin resulting in a pure chitin material with a high molecular weight and a higher degree of acetylation in comparison to traditional pulping and ionic liquid extraction based methods.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for providing a biopolymer from a biomass or source of chitin using ionic liquids. The processes involve contacting a biomass or source of chitin with an ionic liquid to produce a biopolymer comprising solution and precipitating the biopolymer from the solution with supercritical CO2, gaseous CO2, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for enhancing the thermal stability of ionic compounds including ionic liquids, by immobilization on porous solid support materials having a pore diameter of between about 20-200 ?, wherein the solid support does not have a pore size of 90 ?.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for electrospinning chitinous biomass solution to form chitin fibers, using ionic liquids or other ion-containing liquids as solvent. Chitin fibers produced thereby and articles containing such chitin fibers are also disclosed. The chitin fiber thus obtained has very high surface area and improved strength over currently commercially available chitin materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biologically active compounds, particularly liquid compounds, which are immobilized on a solid carrier material, particularly on mesoporous silica. The compounds are non-covalently supported on the solid carrier material thereby forming stable, easily handled solids which have the further advantage that the adsorbed biologically active compounds have improved thermal stability compared with the non-adsorbed compounds, and that they are released rapidly and completely from the carrier material when placed in an aqueous environment.