Abstract: A copolymer of the monomers of the following components A to C and, if required, D, the total amount by weight of which is 100 mol %: a: from 20 to 80 mol % of at least one ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or of an anhydride, ester and/or amide thereof as component A, b: from 1 to 79 mol % of at least one diketene of the general formula (I)  where R1 and R2 independently are each hydrogen or C1-C30-alkyl, as component B, c: from 1 to 79 mol % of at least one vinyl ester, alkyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylonitrile or mixtures thereof as component C and d: from 0 to less than 0.5 mol % or, if at least 20 mol % of component C are present, from 0 to 20 mol % of at least one further olefinically unsaturated monomer as component D, is used as a flow improver in mineral oil middle distillates.

Abstract: A process for purifying alkoxylated fats by treatment with a solid substance, wherein a mixture of aluminum oxide and a silicate is employed as solid substance.

Abstract: A mixture contains(a) from 10 to 90% by weight of at least one imide of a copolymer based on an .alpha.-olefin and an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a polyamine and(b) from 10 to 90% by weight of at least one reaction product of a poly(C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -carboxylic acid) having a tertiary amino group with secondary aminesand is used as a paraffin dispersant in mineral oil middle distillates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric bisesters of alkyl- or alkenyldicarboxylic acid derivatives and polyalcohols, and their use as solubilizers, emulsifiers and/or detergents. In particular, the bisesters are advantageously used in cosmetic compositions, detergents and cleaners, pharmaceutical compositions, foodstuffs and crop protection compositions. The invention furthermore relates to a process for preparing these bisesters.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions containing a polyurethane built up froma) diisocyanates having 4 to 30 carbon atoms,b) diols, of whichb.1) from 10 to 100 mol %, based on the total amount of the diols (b), have a molecular weight of from 500 to 5000 and are built up fromb1.1) (C.sub.4 - to C.sub.30 -alkyl)succinic acid and/or (C.sub.4 - to C.sub.30 -alkenyl)succinic acid,b1.2) from 0 to 60 mol %, based on component (b1.1), of a dicarboxylic acid which is different from component (b1.1), andb1.3) a diol having a molecular weight of from 60 to 500 g/mol,b.2) from 0 to 90 mol %, based on the total amount of the diols (b), have a molecular weight of from 60 to 500 g/mol, andb.

Abstract: Polymer blends containa) from 10 to 90% by weight of an imide of a copolymer based on an .alpha.-olefin and on an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a polyamine andb) from 10 to 90% by weight of a copolymer which differs from a) and contains at least two monomers selected from the group consisting of ethylene, acrylates, vinyl esters, vinyl ethers and ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid derivatives,and are used as additives for mineral oil middle distillates.

Abstract: Modified copolymers which are suitable as paraffin dispersants and are obtainable by reacting a copolymer of an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and/or a dicarboxylic acid derivative and a diketene of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -alkyl,with an amine of the general formula II ##STR2## where m may be from 0 to 100, n from 0 to 5 and x from 0 to 5,R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, independently of one another, are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl andA is NR.sup.6 R.sup.7 or C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -alkoxy,and at least one of the substituents R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is not hydrogen and is C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -alkyl or alkenyl or a polyether radical ##STR3## where R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl and p is from 1 to 100,with the proviso that, when n is 0, A is NR.sup.6 R.sup.7,their preparation and use, and mineral oil middle distillates which contain these modified copolymers.

Abstract: Defoaming and deaerating mixtures based on oil-in-water emulsions where the oil phase comprises from 5 to 75% by weight of the emulsion for aqueous media prone to foaming, wherein the oil phase comprisesa) at least one alcohol having at least 12 carbon atoms, distillation residues obtainable in the course of the production of alcohols having a higher carbon number by the oxo process or by the Ziegler process, or mixtures thereof,b) at least one ester of a sugar alcohol having at least 4 OH groups or at least 2 OH groups and at least one intramolecular ether bond and a fatty acid having at least 20 carbon atoms in a molar ratio of 1:at least 1, in which case the free OH groups of these esters are optionally wholly or partly esterified with C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 -carboxylic acids, and optionallyc) fatty acid esters of alcohols having at least 22 carbon atoms and C.sub.1 -C.sub.36 -carboxylic acids, fatty acid esters of C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 -carboxylic acids and monohydric, dihydric or trihydric C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Copolymers comprisea) from 1 to 65 mol % of at least one diketene of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -alkyl,b) from 30 to 70 mol % of at least one ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or one dicarboxylic acid derivative,c) from 0.5 to 60 mol % of at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon andd) up to 20 mol % of at least one further ethylenically unsaturated monomer,modified copolymers are obtainable by reacting these copolymers with NH-, SH- and/or OH-functional compounds, and the unmodified or modified copolymers are used as additives for mineral oil middle distillates.

Abstract: Antifoams based on oil-in-water emulsions, in which the oil phase accounts for from 5 to 50% by weight of the emulsions and consists essentially of a mixture of(a) fatty esters of C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 -carboxylic acids with monohydric to trihydric C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alcohols,(b) polyglyceryl esters which are obtainable by at least 20% esterification of polyglycerols which contain at least 2 glyceryl units with at least one C.sub.12 -C.sub.36 -fatty acid and(c) fatty esters of C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 -carboxylic acids and polyalkylene glycols, the molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycols being up to 5,000 g/mol, and, if required,(d) long-chain alcohols, fatty esters of alcohols of at least 22 carbon atoms and C.sub.1 -C.sub.36 -carboxylic acids, distillation residues which are obtainable in the preparation of alcohols having a relatively large number of carbon atoms by oxo synthesis or by the Ziegler process and which may be alkoxylated, and/or(e) hydrocarbons having a boiling point above 200.degree. C.

Abstract: Reaction products of amino-alkylenecarboxylic acids with polyoxyalkylene compounds are used as paraffin dispersants for mineral oil middle distillates.

Abstract: Mineral oil middle distillate compositions based on hydrocarbon mixtures whose boiling range begins at above 160.degree. C. and ends at below 420.degree. C. contain, as paraffin dispersants, reaction products of aminoalkylenecarboxylic acids with primary or secondary long-chain amines.