Abstract: A process for continuous production of C2-C4-monoalkanolamines by reaction of a corresponding C2-C4-alkylene oxide with a molar excess of ammonia (NH3), wherein aqueous ammonia is employed, in the liquid phase and in the presence of an acidic cation exchanger as catalyst which contains a crosslinked copolymer comprising acidic functional groups as the carrier matrix, wherein the cation exchanger has a total exchange capacity of not less than 1.8 eq/L.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying a crude nitrogen-containing, sulfur-containing, halogen-containing pyrolysis oil originating from the pyrolysis of plastic waste, comprising (i) subjecting the crude pyrolysis oil to a treatment with a trapping agent selected from (a) an elemental metal of group 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the IUPAC periodic table, a mixture or an alloy thereof; (b) an oxide of metals of group 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the IUPAC periodic table or a mixture thereof; (c) an alkoxide of metals of group 1, 2 of the IUPAC periodic table or a mixture thereof; (d) a solid sorption agent as defined in the claims; or a combination of at least two trapping agents (a), (b), (c) or (d); (ii) separating the product obtained into a purified pyrolysis oil fraction having a reduced nitrogen, sulfur and halogen content in relation to the crude pyrolysis oil and a fraction comprising the trapping agent which has bound at least a part of the sulfur, nitrogen, halogen pre

Abstract: A process for continuous production of C2-C4-monoalkanolamines by reaction of a corresponding C2-C4-alkylene oxide with a molar excess of ammonia (NH3), wherein aqueous ammonia is employed, in the liquid phase and in the presence of an acidic cation exchanger as catalyst which contains a crosslinked copolymer comprising acidic functional groups as the carrier matrix, wherein the cation exchanger has a total exchange capacity of not less than 1.8 eq/L.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material comprising the steps of: (1) providing a mixture comprising one or more sources for YO2 and one or more alkenyltrialkylammonium cation R1R2R3R4N+-containing compounds as structure directing agent; and (2) crystallizing the mixture obtained in step (1) to obtain a zeolitic material; wherein Y is a tetravalent element, and wherein R1, R2, and R3 independently from one another stand for alkyl; and R4 stands for alkenyl, as well as to zeolitic materials which may be obtained according to the inventive process and to their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for continuously preparing di-C1-3-alkyl succinates by reacting succinic acid with an C1-3-alkanol in the presence of a fixed-bed heterogeneous acidic esterification catalyst in a tubular reactor at a temperature in the range of from 60 to 100° C., wherein a mixture, comprising succinic acid, C1-3-alkanol, mono-C1-3-alkyl succinate, di-C1-3-alkyl succinate and water, is formed in a mixing stage and fed to the entrance of the tubular reactor, and wherein 5 to 75% of the outlet flow rate of the tubular reactor are recycled directly to the mixing stage as a recycle stream, and the molar ratio of C1-3-alkanol to succinic acid added to the mixing zone, and not including the C1-3-alkanol and succinic acid at the recycle stream, being in the range of from 2.0 to 9.5.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for continuously preparing di-C1-3-alkyl succinates by reacting succinic acid with an C1-3-alkanol in the presence of a fixed-bed heterogeneous acidic esterification catalyst in a tubular reactor at a temperature in the range of from 60 to 100° C., wherein a mixture, comprising succinic acid, C1-3-alkanol, mono-C1-3-alkyl succinate, di-C1-3-alkyl succinate and water, is formed in a mixing stage and fed to the entrance of the tubular reactor, and wherein 5 to 75% of the outlet flow rate of the tubular reactor are recycled directly to the mixing stage as a recycle stream, and the molar ratio of C1-3-alkanol to succinic acid added to the mixing zone, and not including the C1-3-alkanol and succinic acid at the recycle stream, being in the range of from 2.0 to 9.5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for extracting aromatic compounds from aqueous, alkaline compositions containing lignin, which have a pH value of at least pH 10, in particular of at least pH 11, especially of at least pH 12, characterized in that the aqueous, alkaline composition containing lignin is treated with active carbon, the active carbon separates from the aqueous, alkaline composition containing lignin and the active carbon then undergoes a desorption step in order to extract the aromatic compounds, wherein the desorption step comprises the treatment of the active carbon (i) by means of an organic solvent, which essentially consists of one or more aromatic hydrocarbons or a mixture of at least one aromatic hydrocarbon together with at least one C1-C4 alkanol, or (ii) by means of water vapor, wherein an eluate is obtained which contains the aromatic compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for continuously preparing di-C1-3-alkyl succinates by reacting succinic acid with an C1-3-alkanol in the presence of a fixed-bed heterogeneous acidic esterification catalyst in a tubular reactor at a temperature in the range of from 60 to 100° C., wherein a mixture, comprising succinic acid, C1-3-alkanol, mono-C1-3-alkyl succinate, di-C1-3-alkyl succinate and water, is formed in a mixing stage and fed to the entrance of the tubular reactor, and wherein 5 to 75% of the outlet flow rate of the tubular reactor are recycled directly to the mixing stage as a recycle stream, and the molar ratio of C1-3-alkanol to succinic acid added to the mixing zone, and not including the C1-3-alkanol and succinic acid at the recycle stream, being in the range of from 2.0 to 9.5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material having a structure comprising YO2 and optionally comprising X2O3, preferably comprising YO2 and X2O3, wherein said process comprises the steps of (1) providing a mixture comprising one or more ammonium compounds of which the ammonium cation has the formula (I): [R1R2NR3R4]+??(I) and further comprising one or more sources for YO2 and one or more sources for X2O3; (2) crystallizing the mixture provided in (1); wherein Y is a tetravalent element, and X is a trivalent element, and wherein in formula (I) R1 and R2 are independently from one another derivatized or underivatized methyl, and R3 and R4 are independently from one another derivatized or underivatized (C3-C5)alkyl, and wherein the molar ratio of ammonium cation having the formula (I) to Y in the mixture provided in step (1) and crystallized in step (2) is equal to or greater than 0.25.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material comprising the steps of: (1) providing a mixture comprising one or more sources for YO2 and one or more alkenyltrialkylammonium cation R1R2R3R4N+-containing compounds as structure directing agent; and (2) crystallizing the mixture obtained in step (1) to obtain a zeolitic material; wherein Y is a tetravalent element, and wherein R1, R2, and R3 independently from one another stand for alkyl; and R4 stands for alkenyl, as well as to zeolitic materials which may be obtained according to the inventive process and to their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material comprising the steps of: (1) providing a mixture comprising one or more sources for YO2 and one or more alkenyltrialkylammonium cation R1R2R3R4N+-containing compounds as structure directing agent; and (2) crystallizing the mixture obtained in step (1) to obtain a zeolitic material; wherein Y is a tetravalent element, and wherein R1, R2, and R3 independently from one another stand for alkyl; and R4 stands for alkenyl, as well as to zeolitic materials which may be obtained according to the inventive process and to their use.

Abstract: Process for preparing an aqueous cobalt sulfate solution having a pH in the range from 5 to 8, wherein (a) metallic cobalt is dissolved in aqueous sulfuric acid in an atmosphere of low-oxygen air, of hydrogen or of inert gas and (b) the resulting acidic cobalt sulfate solution is purified in an ion exchanger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for continuously preparing di-C1-3-alkyl succinates by reacting succinic acid with an C1-3-alkanol in the presence of a fixed-bed heterogeneous acidic esterification catalyst in a tubular reactor at a temperature in the range of from 60 to 100° C., wherein a mixture, comprising succinic acid, C1-3-alkanol, mono-C1-3-alkyl succinate, di-C1-3-alkyl succinate and water, is formed in a mixing stage and fed to the entrance of the tubular reactor, and wherein 5 to 75% of the outlet flow rate of the tubular reactor are recycled directly to the mixing stage as a recycle stream, and the molar ratio of C1-3-alkanol to succinic acid added to the mixing zone, and not including the C1-3-alkanol and succinic acid at the recycle stream, being in the range of from 2.0 to 9.5.

Abstract: Process for preparing an aqueous cobalt sulfate solution having a pH in the range from 5 to 8, wherein (a) metallic cobalt is dissolved in aqueous sulfuric acid in an atmosphere of low-oxygen air, of hydrogen or of inert gas and (b) the resulting acidic cobalt sulfate solution is purified in an ion exchanger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1-adamantyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, by A) reacting 1-adamantyldimethylamine with dimethyl sulfate to give 1-adamantyltrimethylammonium sulfate; and B) subjecting the 1-adamantyltrimethylammonium sulfate obtained in A) to anion exchange with an ion exchanger loaded with OH ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material comprising the steps of: (1) providing a mixture comprising one or more sources for YO2 and one or more alkenyltrialkylammonium cation R1R2R3R4N+-containing compounds as structure directing agent; and (2) crystallizing the mixture obtained in step (1) to obtain a zeolitic material; wherein Y is a tetravalent element, and wherein R1, R2, and R3 independently from one another stand for alkyl; and R4 stands for alkenyl, as well as to zeolitic materials which may be obtained according to the inventive process and to their use.

Abstract: A method for depleting halide ions from liquid ammonia, which comprises bringing the liquid ammonia into contact with a strongly basic ion exchanger, where the basic structure of the strongly basic ion exchanger is a covalently crosslinked polymer matrix and the content of ammonia in the liquid ammonia is more than 98% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material having a structure comprising YO2 and optionally comprising X2O3, preferably comprising YO2 and X2O3, wherein said process comprises the steps of (1) providing a mixture comprising one or more ammonium compounds of which the ammonium cation has the formula (I): [R1R2NR3R4]+??(I) and further comprising one or more sources for YO2 and one or more sources for X2O3; (2) crystallizing the mixture provided in (1); wherein Y is a tetravalent element, and X is a trivalent element, and wherein in formula (I) R1 and R2 are independently from one another derivatized or underivatized methyl, and R3 and R4 are independently from one another derivatized or underivatized (C3-C5)alkyl, and wherein the molar ratio of ammonium cation having the formula (I) to Y in the mixture provided in step (1) and crystallized in step (2) is equal to or greater than 0.25.

Abstract: Method of separating acids from liquid compositions using a weakly basic ion exchanger, wherein the compositions comprise salts of an organic cation and an anion and the concentration of these salts in the composition is at least 1% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1-adamantyltrimethyl-ammonium hydroxide.