Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a knowledge-based deep learning refactoring model with tightly integrated functional nonparametric memory are disclosed. An example non-transitory computer readable medium comprises instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to at least estimate a first information extraction cost corresponding to retrieval of information from a local knowledge base, estimate a second information extraction cost corresponding retrieval of information from a remote knowledge base, select an information source based on the first and second estimated information extraction costs, query the selected information source, in response to determining that the selected information source was an external information source, store the queried information in the local knowledge base, organize the stored information in the local knowledge base, and return the queried information.

Abstract: A structure and adaptive apparatus for online education learning through trusted mass collaboration. An education server is communicatively coupled to one or more computing devices over a network to provide an online education service. The online education service provides a knowledge structure of K-Courses, K-Lessons, and K-Bits. K-Courses are comprised of more than one K-Lesson. K-Lessons are comprised of more than one K-Bit. Each K-Bit is associated with a plurality of alternative K-Bits to be used as parallel views of the same topic as the associated K-Bit to support student-centric learning. When a student encounters a K-Bit that the student does not understand, one or more alternative K-Bits used as parallel views of the same topic as the associated K-Bit are presented to the student until the student is able to master the topic of the associated K-Bit.