Abstract: In the image display device according to the first aspect of the invention, a liquid powder composed of a solid material stably floating as a dispersant in a gas and exhibiting a high fluidity in an aerosol state is sealed between opposed substrates, at least one substrate being transparent, and the liquid powder is moved. Moreover, in the image display device according to the second aspect of the invention, a porous spacer is arranged between opposed substrates, at least one substrate being transparent, a liquid powder composed of a solid material stably floating as a dispersant in gas and exhibiting a high fluidity in an aerosol state is sealed, and the liquid powder is moved.

Abstract: An image display device has an image display panel, in which two or more groups of particles having different colors and different charge characteristics are sealed between two substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the particles, to which an electrostatic field produced by a pair of electrodes provided on respective substrates is applied, are made to fly and move so as to display an image. (1) The image display panel has matrix electrodes composed of pairs of electrodes arranged in a matrix manner, a display drive is performed by applying a high potential VH or a low potential VL to respective electrodes constituting the matrix electrodes, and respective electrodes are connected to an intermediate potential V0 between the potentials VH and VL through a small impedance when the potential VH or VL is not applied to respective electrodes.

Abstract: A reversible image display panel which comprises a pair of substrates one of which is transparent and a group of particles charged with single polarity, a group of particles with single color charged with single polarity, a group of particles having portions with different colors and different charge characteristics, or two groups of particles with different charge characteristics each enclosed between the substrates, characterized in applying an electric field across the substrates, and displaying images by flying and moving the particles. The reversible image display panel and the image display device in accordance with the invention have fast response speed and simple structure, being superior in stability and vividity. In an occasion of driving, generation of the strong electric field is unnecessary for them and accordingly, electric circuits can be assembled employing general purpose electronic materials.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide particles for displaying images used in an image display device capable of displaying and eliminating repeatedly accompanied by flight and movement of particles utilizing Coulomb force, being superior in stability, particularly in repetition durability, memory characteristic stability, adaptability for temperature change, having capability of regulating charge amount, and accordingly, favorable images with sufficient contrast should be stably obtained. The present invention provides particles coated with a resin; specifying Span of particle diameter distribution, charge attenuation property, thermal change of the surface hardness, tensile break strength, Izod impact strength (with a notch), abrasion loss (Taber), tensile elastic modulus, flexural elastic modulus, or tear strength. The present invention also proposes about the structure of the particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive member used for a charging unit a development unit, a transfer unit, and a cleaning unit, which are used for electrophotographic apparatus or an electrostatic recording process. The conductive member includes an elastic layer and a resin layer, wherein the resin layer is formed on the outer side of the elastic layer directly or indirectly via another layer. When the surface of the resin layer being in a state not containing any conductive agent is charged due to corona discharge generated by applying a voltage of 8 kV to a corona discharger disposed with a gap of 1 mm put between the surface of the resin layer and the corona discharger, a surface potential of the resin layer after an elapse of 0.3 sec is in a range of 50 V or less and a surface potential of the resin layer after an elapse of 10 sec is in a range of 5 V or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charging member for charging a body to be charged by bringing the charging member into contact with the body to be charged and applying a voltage between the body to be charged and the charging member. The charging member includes an elastic layer and a resin layer containing a conductive agent, wherein the resin layer is formed on the outer side of the elastic layer directly or indirectly via another layer. When the surface of the resin layer being in a state not containing any conductive agent is charged due to corona discharge generated by applying a voltage of 8 kV to a corona discharger disposed with a gap of 1 mm put between the surface of the resin layer and the corona discharger, a surface potential of the resin layer after an elapse of 0.3 sec is in a range of 50 V or less and a surface potential of the outermost resin layer after and elapse of 10 sec is in a range of 5 V or less. The present invention also provides a charging unit using the charging member.

Abstract: A new charging member which is durable enough to exhibit stable performance over a long period of time without deterioration by the sticking of toner particles. It is characterized by its surface having a universal hardness no higher than 10 N/mm2 at a depth equivalent to the diameter of toner particles.

Abstract: In a semiconductive member having a coating film containing a conductive agent formed on the surface of a substrate such as an elastic material, or a semiconductive member having an elastic material as a substrate containing a conductive agent, the conductive agent is coated with an ion-containing resin or a resin having high charge attenuation properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric charging member for charging a body to be charged by bringing the electric charging member in contact with the body to be charged and applying a voltage between the electric charging member and the body to be charged, including: an elastic layer; and a covering layer formed on the outer side of the elastic member directly or through another layer; wherein the covering layer is formed of a coating having a storage modulus (G') in a range of 1.times.10.sup.7 dyn/cm.sup.2 or less, and also having tan .delta., expressed by a ratio (G"/G') of a loss modulus (G") to the storage modulus (G'), in a range of 0.01 to 0.4. The electric charging member is allowed to suppress occurrence of compressive deformation and to reduce noise due to electrification.

Abstract: An electric charging member and electric charging apparatus are described, including the surface of the charging member being formed of a resin layer including a nylon copolymer containing at least 15% by weight of nylon 12 or a urethane-modified acrylic resin containing 5-80% by weight of an acrylic resin component.

Abstract: A developing roller includes a metal shaft and a conductive resilient sleeve surrounding the shaft and made of a urethane elastomer containing carbon black with at least pH 5. The developing roller is mounted in an electrophotographic apparatus in combination with a latent image-bearing photoreceptor wherein development is carried out using a non-magnetic single-component toner.