Abstract: A system and method for detecting a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spoofing attack on a protected vehicle. The method includes receiving at least one GNSS signal; identifying a plurality of characteristics associated with at least one received GNSS signal; analyzing the plurality of characteristics; and determining, based on the analysis of the identified characteristics, whether the at least one GNSS signal is a spoofed signal.

Abstract: Vaporizers and vaporizer systems, which can include a device in communication with a vaporizer, can include one or more features related to control of functions and/or features of the vaporizer, identification of a cartridge and/or a vaporizable material in the cartridge, data exchange (either one-way or two-way) between a cartridge and a vaporizer with which the cartridge is engaged, and the like.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spoofing attack on a protected vehicle. The method includes receiving at least one GNSS signal; identifying a plurality of characteristics associated with at least one received GNSS signal; analyzing the plurality of characteristics; and determining, based on the analysis of the identified characteristics, whether the at least one GNSS signal is a spoofed signal.

Abstract: A system and method for generating a temporal map of radio frequency (RF) signals detected from a vehicle. The method includes: detecting a plurality of RF signals over a predetermined spectrum of frequencies at a first longitude, a first latitude and a first altitude; analyzing the plurality of RF signals to determine at least a first parameter associated with at least a first RF signal of the plurality of RF signals; and adding to the temporal map the first RF signal frequency, the at least a first parameter associated with the first RF signal, the first longitude, the first latitude and the first altitude.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for providing risk evaluation and mitigation strategies for use with modified risk products or other tobacco products, and in particular, associated with nicotine and tobacco products.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product are provided for calculating network component value information. In use, network user information is received that is related to a plurality of network users in connection with at least one network. Such plurality of network users are organized into segments of network users, based on the network user information. Further, network usage charge information is identified that is related to charges for network usage over a predetermined amount of time, for at least one of the segments of network users. Also identified is network usage information related to network usage over the predetermined amount of time, for the at least one segment of network users. Based on this information, revenue rate information is calculated.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for providing risk evaluation and mitigation strategies for use with modified risk products or other tobacco products, and in particular, associated with nicotine and tobacco products.

Abstract: Vaporizers and vaporizer systems, which can include a device in communication with a vaporizer, can include one or more features related to control of functions and/or features of the vaporizer. A method for operating a vaporizer device is provided. The method includes determining a delivery pattern for providing a first puff containing an amount of a first vaporizable material and a second puff containing an amount of a second vaporizable material. The first vaporizable material includes a first substance and the second vaporizable material does not include the first substance. The method further includes providing a plurality of puffs from a vaporizer. The plurality of puffs based on the delivery pattern and including the first puff and the second puff. The method further includes receiving user feedback associated with the delivery pattern in response to the providing. The method further includes modifying the delivery pattern based on the user feedback.

Abstract: A system and method for generating a temporal map of radio frequency (RF) signals detected from a vehicle. The method includes: detecting a plurality of RF signals over a predetermined spectrum of frequencies at a first longitude, a first latitude and a first altitude; analyzing the plurality of RF signals to determine at least a first parameter associated with at least a first RF signal of the plurality of RF signals; and adding to the temporal map the first RF signal frequency, the at least a first parameter associated with the first RF signal, the first longitude, the first latitude and the first altitude.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spoofing attack on a protected vehicle. The method includes receiving at least one GNSS signal; identifying a plurality of characteristics associated with at least one received GNSS signal; analyzing the plurality of characteristics; and determining, based on the analysis of the identified characteristics, whether the at least one GNSS signal is a spoofed signal.

Abstract: Vaporizers and vaporizer systems, which can include a device in communication with a vaporizer, can include one or more features related to control of functions and/or features of the vaporizer, identification of a cartridge and/or a vaporizable material in the cartridge, data exchange (either one-way or two-way) between a cartridge and a vaporizer with which the cartridge is engaged, and the like.

Abstract: Vaporizers and vaporizer systems, which can include a device in communication with a vaporizer, can include one or more features related to control of functions and/or features of the vaporizer, identification of a cartridge and/or a vaporizable material in the cartridge, data exchange (either one-way or two-way) between a cartridge and a vaporizer with which the cartridge is engaged, and the like.

Abstract: Various valves, adapters, ventilator circuits, and methods are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, a valve includes a support that includes a plurality of apertures. The support includes a center and an outer edge. The plurality of flaps includes a flap for each aperture. Each flap has an end connected proximal to the center of the support. Each flap is capable of moving between a closed position and an opened position.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for providing risk evaluation and mitigation strategies for use with modified risk products or other tobacco products, and in particular, associated with nicotine and tobacco products.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for determining the composition of liquid, including a liquid drug (e.g., IV drug) and a liquid drug waste. The apparatuses described herein may determine the identity of one or more drugs in the liquid, the concentration of the drug, and the type of diluent using spectroscopy (such as optical and/or complex immittance spectrographic information). These apparatuses (e.g., devices, systems) and methods are particularly useful for describing the identity and, in some variations, concentration of one or more components of a medical liquid such as intravenous fluid. Also described are methods of recognizing spectroscopic information, e.g., profiles of optical and/or complex immittance spectrograph patterns to determine the composition of a liquid by pattern recognition.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for providing risk evaluation and mitigation strategies for use with modified risk products, and in particular, associated with nicotine and tobacco products.

Abstract: Various valves, adapters, ventilator circuits, and methods are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, a valve includes a support that includes a plurality of apertures. The support includes a center and an outer edge. The plurality of flaps includes a flap for each aperture. Each flap has an end connected proximal to the center of the support. Each flap is capable of moving between a closed position and an opened position.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method for ensuring the validity of the personal contact information in a personal database. The invention provides means for receiving automatic updates of changes in the existing records of the personal contact information database without having to expose the data to security breaches by storing it in a central database. The system can independently recognize cross references in different clients' databases and automatically perform updates whenever changes in the personal data occur. For each registered user the system holds data that is derived from their personal database on a central server. But the system does not hold the data itself; it holds several digest values, hash functions of a subset of a record's fields, for each record. The system can then compare the digest values of different clients, find cross references between users and perform updates when necessary.