Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method of sintering inorganic powder coatings on substrates, and includes a flame and an electric plasma. The method is capable of being used in an open atmospheric environment. The substrate is electrically conductive and is used as one electrode while the flame is used as the other electrode that is moved over the areas of the powder coating to be sintered. An electrical current is used to cause a plasma produced through the flame, resulting in a combined energy and temperature profile sufficient for inorganic powder-powder and powder-substrate bonding. This method is referred to as “flame-assisted flash sintering” (FAFS).

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method of sintering inorganic powder coatings on substrates, and includes a flame and an electric plasma. The method is capable of being used in an open atmospheric environment. The substrate is electrically conductive and is used as one electrode while the flame is used as the other electrode that is moved over the areas of the powder coating to be sintered. An electrical current is used to cause a plasma produced through the flame, resulting in a combined energy and temperature profile sufficient for inorganic powder-powder and powder-substrate bonding. This method is referred to as flame-assisted flash sintering” (FAFS).

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method of sintering inorganic powder coatings on substrates, and includes a flame and an electric plasma. The method is capable of being used in an open atmospheric environment. The substrate is electrically conductive and is used as one electrode while the flame is used as the other electrode that is moved over the areas of the powder coating to be sintered. An electrical current is used to cause a plasma produced through the flame, resulting in a combined energy and temperature profile sufficient for inorganic powder-powder and powder-substrate bonding. This method is referred to as “flame-assisted flash sintering” (FAFS).

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method of sintering inorganic powder coatings on substrates, and includes a flame and an electric plasma. The method is capable of being used in an open atmospheric environment. The substrate is electrically conductive and is used as one electrode while the flame is used as the other electrode that is moved over the areas of the powder coating to be sintered. An electrical current is used to cause a plasma produced through the flame, resulting in a combined energy and temperature profile sufficient for inorganic powder-powder and powder-substrate bonding. This method is referred to as “flame-assisted flash sintering” (FAFS).

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method of sintering inorganic powder coatings on substrates, and includes a flame and an electric plasma. The method is capable of being used in an open atmospheric environment. The substrate is electrically conductive and is used as one electrode while the flame is used as the other electrode that is moved over the areas of the powder coating to be sintered. An electrical current is used to cause a plasma produced through the flame, resulting in a combined energy and temperature profile sufficient for inorganic powder-powder and powder-substrate bonding. This method is referred to as flame-assisted flash sintering” (FAFS).

Abstract: A battery for use in various temperature environments includes a plurality of cells arranged in a close packing arrangement and a sleeve that is disposed around the cells. The sleeve is constructed from a material that acts as an insulator at relatively low temperatures and that acts as a conductor at relatively high temperatures.

Abstract: A battery for use in various temperature environments includes a plurality of cells arranged in a close packing arrangement and a sleeve that is disposed around the cells. The sleeve is constructed from a material that acts as an insulator at relatively low temperatures and that acts as a conductor at relatively high temperatures.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a wound cell that retains its shape includes the steps of employing a heat-shrinkable porous membrane as the cell separator, and heating the cell wind either before or after addition of electrolyte.

Abstract: A method for making a device in which a conductive polyaniline layer (polyaniline salt layer) is formed on a substrate and patterned into a desired configuration, is disclosed. The polyaniline salt containing layer is formed by applying a polyaniline salt solution which combines a mixture of polyaniline and an additive, dissolved in a solvent on the substrate. Thereafter, the polyaniline salt containing layer is patterned by delineating in such layer at least one region having a conductivity less than about 10.sup.-6 S/cm. The at least one region in the polyaniline salt containing layer having a conductivity less than about 10.sup.-6 S/cm is optionally formed by combining a photobase generator (PBG) with the polyaniline salt solution. An adhesive is optionally mixed with the polyaniline salt solution for forming an polyaniline salt/adhesive polymer layer which is patterned into the desired configuration.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell (10) includes first and second electrodes (12) and (14) with an electrolyte system (26) disposed therebetween. The electrolyte system includes a polymeric support structure through which is dispersed an electrolyte active species in an organic solvent. The solvent, which remains liquid to low temperatures, is a binary or higher order system comprising diethyl carbonate and one or more of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropylcarbonate, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell 10 includes first and second electrodes 12 and 14 with an electrolyte system 26 disposed therebetween. The electrolyte system includes at least a first and second layer 28 and 30, the second or gelling layer 30 being used to absorb an electrolyte active species.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell (10) includes first and second electrodes (12) and (14) with an electrolyte system (26) disposed therebetween. The electrolyte system is fabricated of a blend of differing grades of a single polymer. One grade may be provided to, for example, absorb an electrolyte active species, while the second grade may be provided to enhance mechanical integrity of the system.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell 10 includes first and second electrodes 12 and 14 with an electrolyte system 26 disposed therebetween. The electrolyte system includes at least a multilayered first polymeric region 28, having second layers 30 and 32, of a second polymer material. The second layers may absorb an electrolyte active species and to adhere the adjacent layer of electrode material to the electrolyte 26. The electrolyte system further includes a process for packaging and curing the electrolyte after it has been incorporated into a discrete battery device.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell 10 includes first and second electrodes 12 and 14 with an electrolyte system 26 disposed therebetween. The electrolyte system includes at least a multilayered first polymeric region 28, having second layers 30 and 32, of a second polymer material. The second layers may absorb an electrolyte active species and to adhere the adjacent layer of electrode material to the electrolyte 26. The electrolyte system further includes a process for packaging and curing the electrolyte after it has been incorporated into a discrete battery device.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell (10) includes first and second electrodes (12) and (14) with an electrolyte system (26) disposed therebetween. The electrolyte system includes a polymeric support structure through which is dispersed an electrolyte active species in an organic solvent. The solvent, which remains liquid to low temperatures, is a binary or higher order system comprising diethyl carbonate and one or more of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropylcarbonate, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell 10 includes first and second electrodes 12 and 14 with an electrolyte system 26 disposed therebetween. The electrolyte system includes at least a multilayered first polymeric region 28, having second layers 30 and 32, of a second polymer material. The second layers may absorb an electrolyte active species and to adhere the adjacent layer of electrode material to the electrolyte 26. The electrolyte system further includes a process for packaging and curing the electrolyte after it has been incorporated into a discrete battery device.

Abstract: An electrolyte system 40 for use in connection with an electrochemical cell (10). The cell (10) includes a positive (20) and a negative (30) electrode, and the electrolyte system (40) disposed there between. The electrolyte system includes a liquid electrolyte adapted to provide ion transport between the positive and negative electrodes and a polymeric support structure for engaging the liquid electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell (10) includes first and second electrodes (12) and (14) with an electrolyte system (26) disposed therebetween. The electrolyte system includes at least a filler material and a gelling polymer. The filler material comprises at least about 50 vol. % of the total amount of polymer in the electrolyte system, and has a porosity on the order of about 20-80%.

Abstract: A secondary lithium electrochemical charge storage device, such as a battery (10) is taught. The battery (10) includes a first composite electrode (20), and electrolyte layer (40), and a second composite electrode (30). The composite electrodes include at least an active material, and a polymer or polymer blend for lending ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. The electrolyte may also include a polymer as well as an electrolyte active material. The polymer from which the composite electrode is fabricated may be the same as or different than the polymer from which the electrolyte layer is fabricated.

Abstract: An electrolyte system (40) for use in connection with an electrochemical cell (10). The cell (10) includes a positive (20) and a negative (30) electrode and the electrolyte system (40) disposed there between. The electrolyte system includes a liquid electrolyte adapted to provide ion transport between the positive and negative electrodes and a segmented block copolymeric support structure for engaging the liquid electrolyte.