Abstract: A method for controlling continuously variable valve timing (CVVT), may include determining whether a CVVT control is started, detecting a position of a cam and a position of a crankshaft when the CVVT control is started, determining whether it is required to identify whether a cam torque is positive or negative based on the positions of the cam and crankshaft, determining whether the cam is controlled to be positioned from a locking position to an advancing position or a holding position, when it is required to identify whether the cam torque is positive or negative, and when the cam is controlled to be positioned from a locking position to an advancing position or a holding position and when a condition for performing the CVVT control is satisfied, determining whether the cam torque is negative and performing predetermined CVVT control after waiting a predetermined time when the cam torque is negative.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a solar cell, wherein a solar cell is manufactured by combining a damage removal etching process, a texturing process and an edge isolation process. The method is advantageous in that RIE and DRE are conducted, and then DRE/PSG and/or an edge isolation removal process are simultaneously conducted, so that the movement of a substrate (that is, a wafer) is minimized, thereby reducing the damage rate of the substrate.