Abstract: Provided are plasmon resonance imaging devices having metal-insulator-metal nanocups and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for subtractively fabricating three-dimensional structures relative to a surface of a substrate and for additively depositing metal and dopant atoms onto the surface and for diffusing them into the bulk. A chemical solution is applied to the surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a spatial pattern of electron-hole pairs is generated by projecting a spatial pattern of illumination characterized by a specified intensity, wavelength and duration at each pixel of a plurality of pixels on the surface. Charge carriers are driven away from the surface of the semiconductor on a timescale short compared to the carrier recombination lifetime. Such methods are applied to creating a spatially varying doping profile in the semiconductor substrate, a photonic integrated circuit and an integrated photonic microfluidic circuit.

Abstract: Provided are plasmon resonance imaging devices having metal-insulator-metal nanocups and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: A photovoltaic desalination system can comprise a solar cell, configured to receive solar radiation, including an n-doped semiconductor layer, a p-doped semiconductor layer, the two semiconductor layers forming a p-n junction, and an channel array, formed in the p-n junction; an input reservoir, coupled to the solar cell, the input reservoir configured to contain a salty fluid, and to release the salty fluid to the solar cell; an output fluid management system, coupled to the solar cell, the output fluid management system configured to receive an output fluid from the solar cell; wherein the channel array is configured to receive the salty fluid from the input reservoir, and to output the output fluid to the output fluid management system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for subtractively fabricating three-dimensional structures relative to a surface of a substrate and for additively depositing metal and dopant atoms onto the surface and for diffusing them into the bulk. A chemical solution is applied to the surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a spatial pattern of electron-hole pairs is generated by projecting a spatial pattern of illumination characterized by a specified intensity, wavelength and duration at each pixel of a plurality of pixels on the surface. An electrical potential is applied across the interface of the semiconductor and the solution with a specified temporal profile relative to the temporal profile of the spatial pattern of illumination. Such methods are applied to the fabrication of a photodetector integral with a parabolic reflector, cell size sorting chips, a three-dimensional photonic bandgap chip, a photonic integrated circuit, and an integrated photonic microfluidic circuit.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for subtractively fabricating three-dimensional structures relative to a surface of a substrate and for additively depositing metal and dopant atoms onto the surface and for diffusing them into the bulk. A chemical solution is applied to the surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a spatial pattern of electron-hole pairs is generated by projecting a spatial pattern of illumination characterized by a specified intensity, wavelength and duration at each pixel of a plurality of pixels on the surface. Charge carriers are driven away from the surface of the semiconductor on a timescale short compared to the carrier recombination lifetime. Such methods are applied to creating a spatially varying doping profile in the semiconductor substrate, a photonic integrated circuit and an integrated photonic microfluidic circuit.

Abstract: An injection-seeded whispering gallery mode optical amplifier. The amplifier includes a micro or nanoscale whispering gallery mode resonator configured to amplify a whispering gallery mode therein via a gain medium separated from the whispering gallery mode resonator but within the evanescent field of the whispering gallery mode resonator. A pump stimulates the whispering gallery mode. A plasmonic surface couples power into the whispering gallery mode resonator.

Abstract: A liquid sampling device for use with a mobile device comprises a wired connection for connecting the liquid sampling device to the mobile device, a sample receiving and testing section capable of receiving a liquid sample and conducting electrochemical testing of the liquid sample and a sample testing circuit configured to communicate at least one liquid sample test result to the mobile device via the wired connection. Associated methods and a mobile device application for interfacing with the liquid sampling device are also disclosed.

Abstract: An injection-seeded whispering gallery mode optical amplifier. The amplifier includes a micro or nanoscale whispering gallery mode resonator configured to amplify a whispering gallery mode therein via a gain medium separated from the whispering gallery mode resonator but within the evanescent field of the whispering gallery mode resonator. A pump stimulates the whispering gallery mode. A plasmonic surface couples power into the whispering gallery mode resonator.

Abstract: A photovoltaic desalination system can comprise a solar cell, configured to receive solar radiation, including an n-doped semiconductor layer, a p-doped semiconductor layer, the two semiconductor layers forming a p-n junction, and an channel array, formed in the p-n junction; an input reservoir, coupled to the solar cell, the input reservoir configured to contain a salty fluid, and to release the salty fluid to the solar cell; an output fluid management system, coupled to the solar cell, the output fluid management system configured to receive an output fluid from the solar cell; wherein the channel array is configured to receive the salty fluid from the input reservoir, and to output the output fluid to the output fluid management system.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed that are configured to permit nanoplasmonic spectroscopy sensing in the form of colorimetric sensing. An example apparatus involves: (a) an array layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein a plurality of nanoholes are defined in the top surface of the array layer, wherein the plurality of nanoholes each have at least one sidewall surface and a bottom surface, (b) a thin metal film disposed on the top surface of the array layer and on the bottom surface of each of the plurality of nanoholes, and (c) a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on the at least one sidewall surface of the plurality of nanoholes.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for subtractively fabricating three-dimensional structures relative to a surface of a substrate and for additively depositing metal and dopant atoms onto the surface and for diffusing them into the bulk. A chemical solution is applied to the surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a spatial pattern of electron-hole pairs is generated by projecting a spatial pattern of illumination characterized by a specified intensity, wavelength and duration at each pixel of a plurality of pixels on the surface. An electrical potential is applied across the interface of the semiconductor and the solution with a specified temporal profile relative to the temporal profile of the spatial pattern of illumination. Such methods are applied to the fabrication of a photodetector integral with a parabolic reflector, cell size sorting chips, a three-dimensional photonic bandgap chip, a photonic integrated circuit, and an integrated photonic microfluidic circuit.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating nanoscale array structures suitable for surface enhanced Raman scattering, structures thus obtained, and methods to characterize the nanoscale array structures suitable for surface enhanced Raman scattering. Nanoscale array structures may comprise nanotrees, nanorecesses and tapered nanopillars.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating nanoscale array structures suitable for surface enhanced Raman scattering, structures thus obtained, and methods to characterize the nanoscale array structures suitable for surface enhanced Raman scattering. Nanoscale array structures may comprise nanotrees, nanorecesses and tapered nanopillars.

Abstract: A liquid sampling device for use with a mobile device comprises a wired connection for connecting the liquid sampling device to the mobile device, a sample receiving and testing section capable of receiving a liquid sample and conducting electrochemical testing of the liquid sample and a sample testing circuit configured to communicate at least one liquid sample test result to the mobile device via the wired connection. Associated methods and a mobile device application for interfacing with the liquid sampling device are also disclosed.

Abstract: A microfluidic device comprising a biodegradable material comprises, according to one embodiment, a body including one or more channels extending therethrough for passage of a fluid, where the body includes a first preform and a second preform bonded to the first preform. The first preform comprises a biodegradable material derived from a plant and the second preform defines a wall of each of the channels. According to another embodiment, the microfluidic device comprises a body having one or more channels extending therethrough for passage of a fluid, where the body comprises a biodegradable material and is a monolithic body including no seams.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating nanoscale array structures suitable for surface enhanced Raman scattering, structures thus obtained, and methods to characterize the nanoscale array structures suitable for surface enhanced Raman scattering. Nanoscale array structures may comprise nanotrees, nanorecesses and tapered nanopillars.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating nanoscale array structures suitable for surface enhanced Raman scattering, structures thus obtained, and methods to characterize the nanoscale array structures suitable for surface enhanced Raman scattering. Nanoscale array structures may comprise nanotrees, nanorecesses and tapered nanopillars.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed that are configured to permit nanoplasmonic spectroscopy sensing in the form of colorimetric sensing. An example apparatus involves: (a) an array layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein a plurality of nanoholes are defined in the top surface of the array layer, wherein the plurality of nanoholes each have at least one sidewall surface and a bottom surface, (b) a thin metal film disposed on the top surface of the array layer and on the bottom surface of each of the plurality of nanoholes, and (c) a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on the at least one sidewall surface of the plurality of nanoholes.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating nanoscale array structures suitable for surface enhanced Raman scattering, structures thus obtained, and methods to characterize the nanoscale array structures suitable for surface enhanced Raman scattering. Nanoscale array structures may comprise nanotrees, nanorecesses and tapered nanopillars.