Abstract: Multiphase flowmeters and related methods are disclosed herein. An example multiphase flowmeter includes a microwave transmitter to transmit a signal through a fluid, a microwave receiver to determine at least one of attenuation or phase shift, a sensor to obtain at least one of pressure, temperature, or differential pressure, an intermediate-output generator to determine intermediate flow parameters, and a flow rate generator to determine a flow rate for respective phases in the fluid, and a model selector to select at least one of a physics model or a machine learning model for determining the intermediate flow parameters or the flow rates, the physics model to determine a first value of the intermediate flow parameters or the flow rates, and, in response to an error not being less than a threshold, the machine learning model to determine a second value of the intermediate flow parameters or the flow rates.

Abstract: Multiphase flowmeter aperture antenna transmission and pressure retention are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes at least one radiating element to transmit or receive an electromagnetic signal along a measurement plane orthogonal to a direction of flow of the fluid in the vessel; a pressure retaining member to prevent fluid from entering the aperture antenna assembly through a measurement window of the aperture antenna assembly, at least a portion of the pressure retaining member to separate the radiating element and the fluid; and a metal housing with or without slits, the pressure retaining member to be at least partially within the metal housing, the radiating element to be coupled to the metal housing.

Abstract: A method for analyzing flow of a multiphase fluid through a flowmeter is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes transmitting two beams of electromagnetic radiation along different paths through a multiphase fluid and detecting the two transmitted beams with detectors. The method also includes determining a gas fraction and a water-in-liquid ratio of the multiphase fluid. The gas fraction is determined based on the detected first beam of electromagnetic radiation and the water-in-liquid ratio of the multiphase fluid is determined based on the detected second beam of electromagnetic radiation. Additional systems, devices, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: This application provides example methods for establishing a service path in a transport network and example systems. One example method includes, obtaining, by an automatically switched optical network (ASON) first node, a service path computation result path. The service path includes the ASON first node, an ASON last node, and at least one first edge network node. The method also includes sending, by the ASON first node, a path establishment request message to a downstream node. The path establishment request message carries cross-connection configuration information of the ASON last node and the at least one first edge network node. The method further includes receiving, by the ASON first node, a path establishment response message of the downstream node. The path establishment response message indicates that cross-connection configuration for the ASON last node and the at least one first edge network node is complete.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to measure a multiphase flow. An example system includes a flowmeter including a mixer to homogenize a fluid received at an inlet of the flowmeter, a differential pressure sensor to measure a differential pressure of the fluid across an inlet and an outlet of the mixer, a Doppler probe to transmit a microwave or an ultrasonic wave into the fluid to generate Doppler frequency shift data, and a flowmeter manager to calculate a velocity of the fluid based on the Doppler frequency shift data, and calculate a density of the fluid based on the differential pressure and the velocity.

Abstract: Electromagnetic probes for analyzing a flowing multi-phase fluid are described herein. The probes generally use a probe assembly for measuring liquid properties in a multiphase fluid flowing in a conduit, the probe assembly comprising a first member with a probe portion and a connection portion, the probe portion having a central bore with a conductor and a pressure-resistant insulator surrounding the conductor, the conductor extending from an opening at a distal end of the probe portion into the connection portion, the connection portion having a connector coupled to a distal end of the connection portion, the connection portion having a seal face with a groove extending around the probe portion; and a second member that, when assembled, is in direct contact with the first member at the distal end of the connection portion to apply compression and to retain the first member against a wall of the conduit.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring multiphase fluid flows and related methods are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a fluid conduit to provide a flow path for a fluid, a first antenna coupled to the fluid conduit, and a second antenna coupled to the fluid conduit. The second antenna is to generate first signal data based on a first signal emitted by the first antenna. The example apparatus includes a third antenna coupled to the fluid conduit. The third antenna is to generate second signal data based on a second signal emitted by the first antenna. The first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna are disposed in a linear array relative to an axis of the fluid conduit. The example apparatus includes a processor to determine one or more of a permittivity or a conductivity of the fluid based on the first signal data and the second signal data.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for detecting water in multiphase flows are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a conduit including an inlet to receive a multiphase flow and an electromagnetic sensor coupled to a liquid-rich region of the conduit to measure a permittivity of the multiphase flow, and a water detection manager to determine that water is detected in the multiphase flow based on the permittivity.

Abstract: An oral care implement having a head with a bristle bearing surface. The oral care implement may include a central bristle tuft extending from a central portion of the bristle bearing surface, the central bristle tuft terminating in a domed distal surface. Furthermore, the oral care implement may include a plurality of perimetric bristle tufts extending from the bristle bearing surface and arranged to circumferentially surround the central bristle tuft. Each of the perimetric bristle tufts may have an inclined distal surface that slopes downward towards the central bristle tuft. The bristle bearing surface of the head may have a total surface area (TSA), and the toothbrush may include a tooth cleaning element field having X number of tooth cleaning elements that collectively occupy a total cleaning element area (TCEA) such that 1 X × T ? C ? E ? A T ? S ? A = Z and L is in a range of 0.04 to 0.065.

Abstract: An oral care implement having a head with a plurality of cleaning elements coupled thereto and extending therefrom. In the exemplified embodiment, the cleaning elements have a plurality of bristle tufts each including a plurality of bristle filaments. In one aspect, the oral care implement may include a first bristle tuft having inner and outer filaments with the outer filaments being taller than the inner filaments and a second bristle tuft having inner and outer filaments with the outer filaments being shorter than the inner filaments. In another aspect, the oral care implement may include a bristle tuft having inner and outer filaments with the inner filaments being either taller or shorter than the outer filaments, and whereby distal ends of the inner and outer filaments are angled relative to an axis of the bristle tuft.

Abstract: An electrolyte of an energy storage device includes a non-aqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt including LiPF6, and at least two compounds selected from among a phosphite ester compound represented by a formula 1, a compound configured to form lithium and a complex and including a formation constant equal to or greater than 102, difluorophosphate represented by a formula 2, and a phosphate ester compound represented by a formula 3, the at least two compounds including at least the phosphite ester compound represented by the formula 1: where each of R11, R12, and R13 is independently one of a monovalent hydrocarbon group and a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group, where M21+ is one of lithium ion (Li+) and sodium ion (Na+), where each of R31, R32, and R33 is independently one of a monovalent hydrocarbon group and a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: An oral care product array includes a handle component and multiple refill components therefor. The handle component includes a power source. A first refill component includes a first light generating module which emits light in a first spectrum from the first refill component. A second refill component includes a second light generating module which emits light in a second spectrum from the second refill component. Each refill component has a coupled state, when coupled to the handle component, and a decoupled state, when decoupled from the handle component. When the first refill component is in the coupled state, the first light generating module is powered by the power source to emit light in the first spectrum. When the second refill component is in the coupled state, the second light generating module is powered by the power source to emit light in the second spectrum.

Abstract: An assembly for monitoring particulate in a production fluid. The assembly supports routing of production fluid through a restriction and to a strategically located detector downstream and adjacent the restriction. Further, the detector incorporates acoustic attenuating features to provide a tailored detection focused on acoustics directly from particulate in the fluid. These features may include the use of a transducer housing with a ribbed profile to achieve the attenuation. Although, other types of attenuating techniques may be employed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a carbon nanotube composite includes: a laminate forming step of forming, on a conductive base material made of a first metal having conductivity, a buffer layer made of a second metal capable of mutual diffusion with the first metal, and forming, on the buffer layer, a catalyst layer made of seed catalyst particles which catalyze formation of carbon nanotubes; a buffer layer diffusion step of performing heat treatment on the laminate; and a carbon nanotube layer forming step of forming the carbon nanotubes on the catalyst layer of the laminate by a chemical vapor deposition method, wherein the heat treatment is performed so as to form a solid phase diffusion region where the first metal and the second metal are solid-phase diffused from a surface of the conductive base material to a predetermined depth selected from depths of 850 nm or more.

Abstract: A method for analyzing flow of a multiphase fluid through a flowmeter is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes transmitting two beams of electromagnetic radiation along different paths through a multiphase fluid and detecting the two transmitted beams with detectors. The method also includes determining a gas fraction and a water-in-liquid ratio of the multiphase fluid. The gas fraction is determined based on the detected first beam of electromagnetic radiation and the water-in-liquid ratio of the multiphase fluid is determined based on the detected second beam of electromagnetic radiation. Additional systems, devices, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: An oral care product array includes a handle component and multiple refill components therefor. The handle component includes a power source. A first refill component includes a first light generating module which emits light in a first spectrum from the first refill component. A second refill component includes a second light generating module which emits light in a second spectrum from the second refill component. Each refill component has a coupled state, when coupled to the handle component, and a decoupled state, when decoupled from the handle component. When the first refill component is in the coupled state, the first light generating module is powered by the power source to emit light in the first spectrum. When the second refill component is in the coupled state, the second light generating module is powered by the power source to emit light in the second spectrum.