Abstract: A technique manages access to a B-tree structure within a data storage apparatus. The B-tree structure maintains mappings of data blocks of a file system to data blocks of a snapshot storage area. The technique involves imposing a lock on the B-tree structure in response to a snapshot operation which copies a contiguous range of file system data blocks to a set of snapshot data blocks to save primary data of the file system as snapshot data. The technique further involves inserting multiple objects into the B-tree structure while the lock is imposed, each object including a key value which (i) identifies a respective file system data block of the contiguous range and (ii) operates as a search key to facilitate searching of nodes of the B-tree structure. The technique further involves releasing the lock imposed on the B-tree structure after the objects have been inserted into the B-tree structure.

Abstract: A technique performs a write operation. The technique involves receiving, after a snapshot of a file system is taken, a write instruction to write new data to a particular portion of the file system. The technique further involves includes reading, in response to the write instruction, metadata to determine whether the new data is a first update of the particular portion since the snapshot was taken. The metadata identifies portions of the file system which have changed since the snapshot was taken. The technique further involves, when the new data is a first update of the particular portion since the snapshot was taken, copying the original data from cache memory (i.e., from the file system buffer cache) to snapshot storage (i.e., to a dedicated save area) and, after the original data is copied, updating the original data in the cache memory with the new data.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and device for obtaining the routing information of an electro-optical multi-layer network. The ports on which an optical transmitter and an optical receiver are located are determined, and the electro-optical conversion information is added to the routing information on a port of the optical layer node side or the electro layer node side on which the optical transmitter and the optical receiver are located. The electro-optical conversion information includes but is not limited to the wavelength tuning capability and signal processing capability.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of improving GNSS receivers' satellite signal acquisition and TTFF performances by taking advantage of SBAS signals. Due to a SBAS satellite's geostationary position and typically strong signal, the SBAS satellite signal can be acquired more quickly than a GPS satellite signal. Once a SBAS satellite signal is acquired the Doppler frequency search uncertainty may be reduced for remaining GNSS satellites which are to be acquired. Furthermore, a satellite search list may be optimized to search for satellites close to the line of sight (LOS) of the SBAS satellite for which a signal has been acquired, in receiver “warm” and “hot” start modes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ferrous oxide nanoparticle includes a water removing step raising temperature of a solution containing an iron oxide, an organic acid dissolving the iron oxide, and a first solvent to a first temperature and removing water in the solution, a second temperature maintaining step raising the first temperature to a second temperature and maintaining the second temperature, and a particle extracting step extracting the ferrous oxide nanoparticle from the solution after the second temperature maintaining step.

Abstract: A method for controlling area boundary, and a method and system for establishing connection in a multilayer network are provided. With a Path Computation Element (PCE) computing a network path and sending response message carrying layer boundary information to a Path Computation Client (PCC), in the present invention, a multilayer network connection can be established rapidly, thereby reducing the time for establishing the multilayer network connection.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a block boundary node and a method for setting up a connection between block boundary nodes. The method comprises: an ingress boundary node querying and verifying block information of an ingress subnet point after receiving a connection setup request message, and sending a block information query request to an egress boundary node upon successful verification; the egress boundary node querying and verifying block information of an egress subnet point after receiving the block information query request, and sending the block information to the ingress boundary node upon successful verification; the ingress boundary node querying route by using the block information of the ingress subnet point and egress subnet point as query parameters, and sending a connection setup request message to the egress boundary node upon querying the route successfully; and the ingress boundary node receiving a connection setup acknowledgement message returned by the egress boundary node.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method, apparatus and computer product for managing memory space. In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for managing memory space that is organized into pages, the pages being divided into a plurality of page sets, each page set being associated with one of a plurality of upper-layer systems, by: performing state monitoring to the plurality of upper-layer systems to assign priorities to the plurality of upper-layer systems; and determining an order of releasing the pages of the memory space based on the priorities of the plurality of upper-layer systems with the page sets as units. Other aspects and embodiments of invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: A multiphase flow meter comprising two Venturis separated by a choke. The choke may be varied to adjust the properties of the multiphase fluid flow being measured. The two Venturis may be identical and may be arranged horizontally with respect to the multiphase fluid flow. The choke may be a choke in a return line of a managed pressure drilling system.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aligned carbon nanotube assembly constituted of carbon nanotubes each having a defective pore on its side surface, a method of manufacturing the aligned carbon nanotube assembly, a carbon-based electrode, and a power storage device. The aligned carbon nanotube assembly is formed by aggregating a large number of carbon nanotubes aligned in parallel along the same direction and having parallel orientation. In such a state that the aligned carbon nanotube assembly remains grown, the carbon nanotube constituting the aligned carbon nanotube assembly has a defective pore on its side surface. In a raman spectrum of the aligned carbon nanotube assembly in a Raman spectrometric method, when intensity of scattered light in D-band is represented by ID and intensity of scattered light in G-band is represented by IG, an ID/IG ratio is not less than 0.80.

Abstract: A multiphase flowmeter for determining at least one characteristic of a first phase flowing in a pipe with at least a second phase being also present in the pipe is disclosed. The multiphase flowmeter includes a processor configured to determine the at least one characteristic of the first phase, a first transducer configured to emit a first pulse signal into the first phase at a first incident angle with respect to a straight line that is perpendicular to an interior pipe wall; the first pulse signal is in an ultrasonic range and is configured to be coupled to an exterior pipe wall; and the absolute value of the first incident angle in the first phase is configured to be at least 10 degrees and at most 80 degrees and a second transducer configured to emit a second pulse signal into the first phase at a substantially normal incidence.

Abstract: The invention provides an optoelectronic processing apparatus and methods for processing constraint information. The optoelectronic processing apparatus is applied to the optical transport network OTN device, and comprises: a 3R regeneration unit for reamplifying, reshaping and retiming a signal; a wavelength conversion unit for performing wavelength conversion to the signal; an interlayer adapting unit for converting the signal between the OCh layer and the ODUk layer; and a dispatching unit for dispatching the 3R regeneration unit, the wavelength conversion unit and the interlayer adapting unit according to a function identification parameter of the optoelectronic processing apparatus so as to process the signal. By the present invention, the management of the OTN device is simplified, and the 3R regeneration, wavelength conversion and optoelectronic interlayer adaptation information are managed uniformly.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring navigation state errors are provided. In this regard, a representative system, among others, includes a receiver that is configured to receive GPS signals and calculate pseudorange (PR) residuals, the receiver including a navigation state error manager that is configured to: calculate a distance traveled by the receiver having the PR residuals, determine whether a navigation state has errors based on the calculated PR residuals and calculated distance, and responsive to determining that the navigation state has errors, send an error message indicating that the navigation state has errors.

Abstract: A HDMI connector includes a metallic housing having two plates respectively extending downward from two opposite sides thereof, an insulated body mounted in the metallic housing, and a plurality of electrically conducting pins installed with the insulated body. The metallic housing has two legs each located in front of a respective one of the plates, each leg being integrally formed by cutting a portion of the metallic housing and bending the portion downward. Each leg has a base portion and a solder portion extending from the base portion to be electrically connected to a printed circuit board, wherein the base portion is formed substantially at a right angle with respect to the solder portion and has a dimension greater than the solder portion. The HDMI connector can save material in manufacturing and increase space availability.

Abstract: A producing method includes a preparing step of preparing a chemical compound having at least one of elements of alkali metals and alkali earth metals along with platinum, and a reducing step of reducing the prepared chemical compound with a reducing agent to form platinum nanoparticles.

Abstract: Properties of a multiphase mixture flow are measured in a blind-tee. The measured properties include the permittivity and/or the conductivity of the multiphase mixture flowing through a conduit. The permittivity and/or conductivity are measured at liquid-rich region(s) in a blind-tee section of the conduit and are used to determine properties of a liquid phase of the multiphase fluid flow, including one of the water conductivity, water in liquid ratio and water volume fraction. One or more electromagnetic sensors may be used in the blind-tee to measure the permittivity and/or conductivity. The sensors may be in contact with the multiphase flow or be disposed behind a dielectric window.

Abstract: This disclosure relates in general to systems and methods for spot checking flow properties of a multiphase mixture containing one or more hydrocarbons flowing through a pipeline or the like. More specifically, but not by way of limitation, embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for creating slug-type flows of isokinetically obtained samples of the multiphase mixture flow. By spot checking the slug-type flow of an isokinetically obtained sample of the multiphase flow, embodiments of the present invention may provide for determining flow properties of gas, oil/condensate and/or water components of the multiphase flow. In certain aspects of the present invention, an active sampling device may be used to enrich one of the phases of the slug-type flow of the sampled multiphase mixture and/or take a representative sample of one of the phases of the slug-type flow of the sampled multiphase mixture.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of performing GNSS receivers' satellite signal acquisition and TTFF while taking advantage of SBAS signals. Due to a SBAS satellite's geostationary position and typically strong signal, the SBAS satellite signal can be acquired more quickly than a GPS satellite signal. Once a SBAS satellite signal is acquired the Doppler frequency search uncertainty may be reduced for remaining GNSS satellites which are to be acquired. Furthermore, a satellite search list may be optimized to search for satellites close to the line of sight (LOS) of the SBAS satellite for which a signal has been acquired, in receiver “warm” and “hot” start modes. Moreover, since a SBAS signal sub-frame is only one second long, which is shorter than six seconds for a GPS signal sub-frame, synchronization of the SBAS signal sub-frame may be achieved faster than for GPS signals. With aided time information, a receiver may compute the absolute time of week (TOW) from a sub-frame synchronized SBAS signal.

Abstract: A method for forming a dual damascene structure is disclosed. First a substrate is provided. There are an etching stop layer and an interlayer dielectric layer disposed on the substrate in order. The interlayer dielectric layer has a thickness A. Second, the interlayer dielectric layer is patterned to form a first opening. Later, a photo resist layer with a thickness B is formed on the interlayer dielectric layer. Then, the photo resist layer is patterned by a light source to construct a patterned photo resist layer. Later, the interlayer dielectric layer is again patterned by the patterned photo resist to pattern the interlayer dielectric layer to construct a second opening on the first opening by means of a light source and the photo resist layer so as to form a dual damascene structure. The light source has a periodic parameter C so that (A+B)/C?X/2, where X is an odd number.

Abstract: A method and system for measuring a property of a multiphase fluid comprising a mixture of at least an oil phase and a water phase travelling through a conduit, the method comprising measuring the thickness of the liquid mixture, measuring the permittivity of a portion of the multiphase fluid, combining the thickness measurement with the permittivity measurement to obtain a derived value for the permittivity of the liquid mixture, and using at least the derived permittivity of the liquid mixture and a relationship between a single phase liquid property and a corresponding two-phase property of the liquid mixture, to obtain a calculated water-to-liquid ratio of the liquid mixture.