Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG, purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a marker for screening and distinguishing NFC apple juice based on non-targeted metabolomics and use thereof, relating to the technical field of distinguishing of juice. The marker for distinguishing NFC apple juice disclosed in the present disclosure is selected from the following molecules: gallocatechin, catechin, taxifolin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 5-methoxysalicylic acid, azelaic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, eriodictyol, ferulic acid, isoquercitrin, naringenin, n-fructosyl isoleucine, p-coumaraldehyde, p-coumaric acid, phloretin, phlorizin, procyanidin B1, quercetin-3-O-galactoside and rutin. The above markers may be used for distinguishing the NFC apple juice and the FC apple juice, and have relatively high accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multidimensional ecological preservation technology for sweet potatoes, including the following steps: collecting mature tuberous roots in proper time; and performing BTH soak cleaning to promote callus, and performing callus treatment as follows: pretreatment before storage, disinfection in a cellar, sand storage, tent air conditioning, and performing secondary cobalt ray irradiation at an irradiation dose of 0.1-0.5 kGy before the end of storage and marketing, thereby achieving dual guarantee of storage period and shelf life. In the present invention, the traditional sand is replaced with a sandy material (having a particle size of 1-3 mm), and the sandy material is lightweight, breathable, and high in water absorbing and retaining property, thermal insulation and heat preservation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apple enzyme for efficient reconstruction of an intestinal microecology and a processing technology, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating raw materials; (2) pulping; (3) detoxifying patulin: firstly biologically detoxifying the pulp: inoculating inoculating plant Lactobacillus (ATCC 8014) into the pulp, adjusting the pH to 3-7 at the temperature of 20-30° C., stirring, and detoxifying for 20-24 h; and then repeatedly absorbing and filtering with a carboxylation nano multiwall carbon-neutral aluminum oxide filter screen for three times; and (4) carrying out the division intensified and dynamic fermentation. For the problems of the apple enzymes such as low fermentation efficiency and long time, the division decompression dynamic intensified fermentation method of substrates is used, so that the high-speed and high-efficient fermentation of the apple can be realized, and the fermentation time can be greatly shortened.

Abstract: The disclosure provides chips formed by slicing with an apple cell clean water jet scalpel and a processing technology. The processing technology comprises the following specific steps: harvesting fresh fruits, sorting, peeling, slicing, drying and packaging to obtain the apple crispy chip. According to the disclosure, the tangxin apple is peeled by adopting an ultrahigh pressure water jet flow cutting technology, cut into slices with a thickness of 5 mm and inoculated for 15 min in 30° C. and 30% Lactobacillus brevis fermentation broth. PPO is a terminal oxidase with Cu2+ as a prosthetic group, and Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum are complexed with Cu2+, leading to rapid oxygen consumption to generate organic acid and CO2, quickly reduction of pH and creation of an approximate oxygen-free environment to effectively inhibit PPO activity while removing oxygen required in enzymatic browning, thereby effectively inhibiting browning.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for three-dimensional microwave air-jet drying of persimmon slices, comprising steps of grading and cleaning, slicing, microwave heating, steam de-astringency, hot-air reverse primary drying, negative-pressure intermittent secondary drying, cooling and packaging. In the present invention, high-temperature (60-70° C.) high-pressure annularly sprayed citric acid and 40% alcohol vapor (rotating at 360°) are adopted to remove astringency of persimmons, wherein high temperature causes more intense Brownian motion of liquid molecules; high pressure improves permeation and diffusion speed of de-astringency liquid in the persimmon slices; citric acid plays a membrane breaking role on persimmon cell membranes; and 40% alcohol vapor is allowed to rapidly diffuse into cells, so that tannin is polymerized into insoluble gel from a soluble state, thereby achieving a uniform and rapid de-astringency effect.

Abstract: The disclosure provides chips formed by slicing with an apple cell clean water jet scalpel and a processing technology. The processing technology comprises the following specific steps: harvesting fresh fruits, sorting, peeling, slicing, drying and packaging to obtain the apple crispy chip. According to the disclosure, the tangxin apple is peeled by adopting an ultrahigh pressure water jet flow cutting technology, cut into slices with a thickness of 5 mm and inoculated for 15 min in 30° C. and 30% Lactobacillus brevis fermentation broth. PPO is a terminal oxidase with Cu2+ as a prosthetic group, and Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum are complexed with Cu2+, leading to rapid oxygen consumption to generate organic acid and CO2, quickly reduction of pH and creation of an approximate oxygen-free environment to effectively inhibit PPO activity while removing oxygen required in enzymatic browning, thereby effectively inhibiting browning.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a green color-protecting bacteriostatic crisp-preserving fresh-cut sweetheart apple and biological preservation technology. Two fermentation liquids of Xanthomonas campestris and Lactobacillus plantarum are separately fermented, and are removal of the bacterial species, and then mixed in the ratio of 1:1 to obtain a bacterial solution, the bacterial solution is diluted 20-30 times for use, and then calcium chloride with a final concentration of 1-5 wt % is added to the bacterial solution. The extracellular polysaccharide produced by the metabolism of xanthomonas in the fresh keeping agent in the present disclosure is a safe food additive, which has good film-forming, thickening, stabilizing and water-holding effects, and strong biological activity. Acidic substances produced by the metabolism of Lactobacillus plantarum have bacteriostatic effects. Besides, calcium is a common substance used to keep the fruits and vegetables crisp after harvest.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apple enzyme for efficient reconstruction of an intestinal microecology and a processing technology, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating raw materials; (2) pulping; (3) detoxifying patulin: firstly biologically detoxifying the pulp: inoculating inoculating plant lactobacillus (ATCC 8014) into the pulp, adjusting the pH to 3-7 at the temperature of 20-30° C., stirring, and detoxifying for 20-24 h; and then repeatedly absorbing and filtering with a carboxylation nano multiwall carbon-neutral aluminum oxide filter screen for three times; and (4) carrying out the division intensified and dynamic fermentation. For the problems of the apple enzymes such as low fermentation efficiency and long time, the division decompression dynamic intensified fermentation method of substrates is used, so that the high-speed and high-efficient fermentation of the apple can be realized, and the fermentation time can be greatly shortened.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for three-dimensional microwave air-jet drying of persimmon slices, comprising steps of grading and cleaning, slicing, microwave heating, steam de-astringency, hot-air reverse primary drying, negative-pressure intermittent secondary drying, cooling and packaging. In the present invention, high-temperature (60-70° C.) high-pressure annularly sprayed citric acid and 40% alcohol vapor (rotating at 360°) are adopted to remove astringency of persimmons, wherein high temperature causes more intense Brownian motion of liquid molecules; high pressure improves permeation and diffusion speed of de-astringency liquid in the persimmon slices; citric acid plays a membrane breaking role on persimmon cell membranes; and 40% alcohol vapor is allowed to rapidly diffuse into cells, so that tannin is polymerized into insoluble gel from a soluble state, thereby achieving a uniform and rapid de-astringency effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multidimensional ecological preservation technology for sweet potatoes, including the following steps: collecting mature tuberous roots in proper time; and performing BTH soak cleaning to promote callus, and performing callus treatment as follows: pretreatment before storage, disinfection in a cellar, sand storage, tent air conditioning, and performing secondary cobalt ray irradiation at an irradiation dose of 0.1-0.5 kGy before the end of storage and marketing, thereby achieving dual guarantee of storage period and shelf life. In the present invention, the traditional sand is replaced with a sandy material (having a particle size of 1-3 mm), and the sandy material is lightweight, breathable, and high in water absorbing and retaining property, thermal insulation and heat preservation.

Abstract: It is described a method for biological purification of water, the method comprising: leading the water into a reactor through one or more inlet pipes or inlet zones; leading the water and substrate through carrier elements for biofilm growth which have a high protected surface area (>200 m2/m3 carrier elements) and a large pore volume (>60%); wherein one or more membrane units are submerged in the water in the reactor; wherein permeate is pulled out of the reactor through the pores of the membranes; wherein oxygen-containing gas is supplied in the reactor through an aeration system; wherein during normal operation the water level in the reactor is maintained below one or more outlet pipes or outlet zones that are dedicated for excess sludge removal; wherein during washing operation strong turbulence is created for removal of excess sludge as the water level in the reactor is temporarily raised to the level where the outlet pipes or outlet zones that are dedicated for excess sludge removal are.