Abstract: A semiconductor structure including a substrate, a first dielectric layer disposed on the substrate, a second dielectric layer disposed on the first dielectric layer and in physical contact with the first dielectric layer, an opening on the substrate and having a lower portion through the first dielectric layer and an upper portion through the second dielectric layer, an conductive layer disposed on the second dielectric layer at two sides of the opening and in physical contact with the second dielectric layer, a contact structure disposed in the lower portion of the opening, and a passivation layer covering a top surface of the contact structure, a sidewall of the second dielectric layer, and a sidewall of the conductive layer.

Abstract: A method for determining a consistency coefficient of a power-law cement grout includes: determining a water-cement ratio of the power-law cement grout; according to engineering practice requirements, determining a time required to determine the consistency coefficient of the power-law cement grout; and obtaining the consistency coefficient of the power-law cement grout. The method is accurate and reliable, requires less calculation, etc.; and has very high practical value and popularization value in environmental protection and ecological restoration.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally related to 3D imaging capable OLED displays. A light field display comprises an array of 3D light field pixels, each of which comprises an array of corrugated OLED pixels, a metasurface layer disposed adjacent to the array of 3D light field pixels, and a plurality of median layers disposed between the metasurface layer and the corrugated OLED pixels. Each of the corrugated OLED pixels comprises primary or non-primary color subpixels, and produces a different view of an image through the median layers to the metasurface to form a 3D image. The corrugated OLED pixels combined with a cavity effect reduce a divergence of emitted light to enable effective beam direction manipulation by the metasurface. The metasurface having a higher refractive index and a smaller filling factor enables the deflection and direction of the emitted light from the corrugated OLED pixels to be well controlled.

Abstract: In a packet processing method, when a tenant has different QoS requirements for different traffic, indication information that meets a QoS requirement for the traffic can be autonomously selected, and an SRv6 packet that includes the indication information is obtained and sent to a PE device in a provider network, so that the PE device in the provider network can be aware of the QoS requirement of the tenant for the traffic, to provide, for the traffic, a service that meets the QoS requirement.

Abstract: A BGP route identification method and apparatus are provided. A network device obtains a BGP route. The BGP route includes an autonomous system path attribute AS_PATH attribute, the AS_PATH attribute includes a first autonomous system number AS number, an AS number corresponding to an autonomous system that the network device is located in or manages is a second AS number, and the first AS number is equal to the second AS number. The network device determines, based on the first AS number and the second AS number, whether the BGP route is abnormal.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an aluminosilicate glass composition, aluminosilicate glass and a preparation method therefor and application thereof. Based on the total molar weight of the aluminosilicate glass composition, the aluminosilicate glass composition comprises, by oxide, 67-74 mol % of SiO2, 10-15 mol % of Al2O3, 0-5 mol % of B2O3, 1-10 mol % of MgO, 1-10 mol % of CaO, 0-3 mol % of SrO, 2-8 mol % of BaO, 0.1-4 mol % of ZnO, 0.1-4 mol % of RE2O3 and less than 0.05 mol % of R2O, wherein RE represents rare earth elements, and R represents alkali metals.

Abstract: In a route processing method, a first network device obtains one or more routes having a same destination address, and including a first route. Slice information corresponding to the one or more ports is determined based on one or more ports that are on the first network device and that receive the one or more routes. The first network device sends an updated first route to a second network device, where the updated first route carries the slice information and the destination address. After a route is received, corresponding slice information is determined based on a port that receives the route, so that slice information supported by a path from a network device to a route starting device is determined. The determined slice information is carried when the route is forwarded, so that a network device on a route advertisement path can obtain the slice information supported by the entire path.

Abstract: A bit index explicit replication (BIER) forwarding entry construction method is provided. The method includes receiving, by a second network device, a first message sent by a first network device, where the first message includes a host routing prefix of the first network device, first BIER information, and second BIER information. The first BIER information includes a bit index forwarding table identifier (BIFT ID) of the first network device, the second BIER information includes a bit forwarding router identifier (BFR ID) of at least one bit forwarding router (BFR) in a first area. The second network device constructs a BIER forwarding entry based on the first BIER information, the second BIER information, and the host routing prefix.

Abstract: A multicast communication method is applied to a software-defined wide area network SD-WAN. In the multicast communication method, a bit index explicit replication (Bit Index Explicit Replication, BIER) capability is deployed on a site device in the SD-WAN, a site device through which a multicast packet needs to pass is indicated by a bit index explicit replication IPv6 encapsulation (Bit Index Explicit Replication IPv6 encapsulation, BIERv6) header in the multicast packet, and a multicast distribution tree does not need to be constructed. In addition, the multicast packet is forwarded through an SD-WAN tunnel between site devices, and an intermediate node does not need to sense a multicast service. In this way, a network device has a small quantity of multicast entries and the multicast entries are converged quickly, ensuring normal running of the multicast service.

Abstract: A multicast communication method is applied to a software-defined wide area network SD-WAN. In the multicast communication method, a bit index explicit replication (Bit Index Explicit Replication, BIER) capability is deployed on site devices in the SD-WAN, a BIER header in a multicast packet indicates a site device that a multicast packet needs to pass through, and no multicast distribution tree need to be constructed. In addition, the multicast packet is forwarded through an SD-WAN tunnel between site devices, and an intermediate node does not need to sense a multicast service, to reduce a quantity of multicast table entries on a network device and accelerate convergence of the multicast table entries, so that normal running of the multicast service is ensured.

Abstract: An information flooding method and a device, to flexibly manage flooding information of an interior gateway protocol (IGP) instance, adapt to flooding requirements in different scenarios, improve flooding efficiency, save network resources, and improve flooding information processing efficiency. The method includes: a first network device obtains a flooding information set, where the flooding information set includes flooding information corresponding to each of a plurality of flooding instances, and the plurality of flooding instances belong to one IGP instance. The first network device sends a plurality of packets, where each of the plurality of packets carries a corresponding flooding instance identifier and corresponding flooding information, and the flooding instance identifier is used to identify a flooding instance.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a routing method and a related device. When a first network device determines that a preset first condition is met, the first network device sends a request message to a second network device, to request a route reaching at least one another network device. In response to the request message, the second network device sends a route message to the first network device serving as a traffic sender, where the route message carries the route reaching the at least one another network device, and both the first network device and the another network device are directly or indirectly connected to the second network device.

Abstract: A route learning method includes a network device obtaining Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routing information from a BGP peer. When a target region to which the BGP peer belongs is the same as a target region to which a BGP route belongs, the network device learns the BGP routing information. A packet forwarding method includes a network device receiving a packet through a network interface. When a target region to which the network interface belongs is the same as a target region to which the packet belongs, the network device forwards the packet.

Abstract: A monitoring method and device for determination of a gear-stick position, a vehicle control unit, and a vehicle. The monitoring method for determination of a gear-stick position includes: acquiring a first actual gear-stick position and a first acceptable gear-stick position calculated by a functional layer; calculating a second actual gear-stick position according to a gear-stick position signal; determining whether the first actual gear-stick position and the second actual gear-stick position are consistent; in case that the first actual gear-stick position and the second actual gear-stick position are consistent, determining whether the first acceptable gear-stick position is valid; and in case that the first actual gear-stick position and the second actual gear-stick position are inconsistent or the first acceptable gear-stick position is invalid, controlling the vehicle to enter a safe state. The present application can ensure safe driving of a vehicle.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses a method, device, and system for determining a route leak. The method includes: receiving, by a network monitoring device managing a first autonomous system, an extended BMP packet sent by a first border node of the first autonomous system and an extended BMP packet sent by a second border node of the first autonomous system. The method includes determining, based on the extended BMP packet sent by the first border node and the extended BMP packet sent by the second border node of the first autonomous system, a receiving relationship of a route prefix received by the first border node from the second autonomous system, and a sending relationship of the route prefix sent by the second border node to a third autonomous system. The method further includes determining, based on the receiving relationship and the sending relationship, whether the route prefix is leaked.

Abstract: In a method for managing a VPN, a routing device establishes a BMP session with a BMP server. The routing device allocates a VPN label associated with a VPN instance, wherein the VPN instance is used for communication between the routing device and another routing device. Then, the routing device sends, to the BMP server, a BMP message that carries the VPN label. Because the routing device sends the VPN label through the BMP message, the routing device does not need to establish a BGP peer relationship with the BMP server to send the VPN label.

Abstract: A method includes: determining that a failure occurs in a session between a first device and a second device; and sending, to the second device after the failure occurs, a first session establishment packet used to establish a new session, where the first session establishment packet carries capability information of the first device, and the capability information of the first device indicates that the first device does not have a capability of filtering a protocol packet for the new session.

Abstract: A method for obtaining board parameters of a printed circuit board, including the following steps: obtaining parameter information of a stripline on the printed circuit board; obtaining physical parameters of the stripline based on the parameter information of the stripline and a predetermined electromagnetic simulation application; calculating required board parameters of the printed circuit board based on the parameter information and the physical parameters of the stripline. In the present disclosure, the physical parameters of the stripline are obtained based on the physical nature of the stripline on the printed circuit board, and there is no need for fitting or adopting a hypothetical model in order to obtain board parameters corresponding to each frequency point of the stripline; the present disclosure is simple and straightforward during operation, and the obtained board parameters of the printed circuit board are highly accurate.

Abstract: A message sending method includes a first network device that obtains an identifier of a first autonomous system (AS), where the first AS is adjacent to a second AS, and the first network device belongs to the second AS. The first network device sends a first message to a second network device, where the first message carries the identifier of the first AS, and the second network device belongs to the second AS or a third AS.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a glitch removal circuit with low latency. The glitch removal circuit includes a first signal edge detector, a second signal edge detector, a latch, and a control signal generator. The first signal edge detector is activated according to the first control signal to detect the rising edge of the input signal to generate the first detection result. The second signal edge detector is activated according to the second control signal to detect the falling edge of the input signal to generate the second detection result. The latch sets the generated output signal according to the first detection result, and clears the generated output signal according to the second detection result. The control signal generator shields the glitch on the input signal to generate a processed signal, and generates a first control signal and a second control signal according to the processed signal.