Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, an optical head end generates uplink grant information of periodic data based on configuration information of the periodic data from a controller, where the uplink grant information of the periodic data is continuously valid within a threshold time range, and indicates a corresponding transmission slot of sending the periodic data by an optical terminal. The optical head end sends the uplink grant information of the periodic data to the optical terminal.

Abstract: A communication method and a communication apparatus are provided. The method includes: An optical line terminal (OLT) may obtain a cycle period and a data amount of periodic data, and allocate a first slot and a second slot based on the data amount of the periodic data and the cycle period, where the first slot is used to transmit the periodic data, the second slot is used for windowing, and the second slot is a part or all of slots other than the first slot in the cycle period. The OLT uniformly allocates the first slot used to transmit the periodic data and the second slot used for windowing.

Abstract: A link status measurement method includes: A first OLT sends first indication information to a first ONU through a first port. The first ONU is one of at least one ONU included in a PON, and the first indication information indicates a measurement window for measuring the first ONU. The first OLT obtains quality of a signal corresponding to the first ONU. The quality of the signal is quality of a signal received by a second port on a second OLT from a first PON channel in a measurement window, and the first PON channel is a channel carried on a link between the second port and the first ONU. The first OLT determines a status of a backbone link based on quality of a signal corresponding to each ONU in the PON. The backbone link is a common part of a link from the second port to each ONU.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include a dynamic load simulator. In an embodiment, the dynamic load simulator comprises an impedance load, a reverse match network, and a smart RF controller. In an embodiment, the smart RF controller comprises a dynamic load generator, and a reverse match controller.

Abstract: A bandwidth allocation method and a related device are disclosed. An exemplary method includes: when a total sum of a cumulative sum of fixed bandwidth configuration upper limits of traffic bearing entities and a cumulative sum of assured bandwidth configuration upper limits of the traffic bearing entities is greater than a maximum bandwidth value of a passive optical network (PON) port of a piece of central office equipment, determining, by the central office equipment based on a bandwidth configuration upper limit of each traffic bearing entity and a required bandwidth value of the traffic bearing entity, a bandwidth value actually allocated to the traffic bearing entity. In this way, a part of bandwidth is allocated to each traffic bearing entity. This avoids a case in which no bandwidth is allocated to some traffic bearing entities. Therefore, resource allocation is more appropriate.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method and an apparatus for obtaining optical distribution network (ODN) logical topology information, a device, and a storage medium. The method includes: obtaining identification information of each first ONU that is connected to a first passive optical network (PON) port and whose optical path changes and feature data of the first ONU in a first time window, where the feature data includes receive optical power and/or an alarm event; obtaining, based on the feature data of each first ONU, a feature vector corresponding to each first ONU; and performing cluster analysis on the feature vector corresponding to each first ONU, to obtain topology information corresponding to the first PON port. ONU topology information is obtained by analyzing an ONU feature.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for secure communication. In an example method, an optical line terminal (OLT) sends a first message to an optical network unit (ONU), where the first message includes a first key algorithm, a certificate of the OLT, and a public key of the OLT, and the first key algorithm is a key algorithm supported by both the OLT and the ONU. The ONU verifies the certificate of the OLT, and after the verification succeeds, the ONU determines a shared key based on the first key algorithm and the public key of the OLT. The ONU sends a second message to the OLT, where the second message includes a certificate of the ONU and a public key of the ONU. The OLT verifies the certificate of the ONU. After the verification succeeds, the OLT determines the shared key based on the first key algorithm and the public key of the ONU.

Abstract: A device for digitally controlling a system, operating by discrete time steps, based on an error vector received at each time step, which includes: an estimator determining a homogenous canonical norm value range for a current time step, an error vector of a current time step, an expansion generator matrix, a Lyapunov matrix, lower and upper limits; and a computer that returns a control for the current time step based on the sum between the error vector of the current time step multiplied by a factor of a feedback gain matrix, the homogenous canonical norm value range for a current time step, proportional and derivative coefficients and the expansion generator matrix, and the integral between the first time step and the current time step of a product associating an integral coefficient, the expansion generator matrix, the homogenous canonical norm value range for all the time steps and the error vector.

Abstract: This application discloses a bandwidth allocation method, an optical line terminal (OLT), an optical network unit (ONU), and a system, where the method includes receiving a bandwidth request from each ONU, where the ONU includes an ONU1, generating a bandwidth map (BWMap) message according to bandwidth requested by the ONU and bandwidth configured for the ONU, where the BWMap message includes a first allocation identifier (Alloc-ID1), a first time corresponding to the Alloc-ID1, a second allocation identifier (Alloc-ID2), and a second time corresponding to the Alloc-ID2, and both the Alloc-ID1 and the Alloc-ID2 are allocated to the ONU1 for use, and sending the BWMap message to each ONU. Therefore, a problem that a transmission delay does not satisfy a requirement when a passive optical network (PON) system is applied to mobile backhaul is resolved, a data transmission rate and data transmission efficiency are improved, and user satisfaction is improved.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method for detecting source(s) of oscillation on a power grid. In one example, the method may include receiving measurements from one or more sensors on a power grid, the measurements including data of an oscillation within the power grid, determining, via execution of one or more machine learning model, a candidate set of power system components disposed on the power grid that are candidates for being the source(s) of the oscillation, identifying, via execution of an optimization model, a component from among the candidate set of power system components which is the source (e.g., location, controller type, and/or asset type) of the oscillation, and displaying, via a user interface, information about the identified component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of endoscopes, and discloses a confocal endoscope with a fixing device.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method and an apparatus for obtaining optical distribution network (ODN) logical topology information, a device, and a storage medium. The method includes: obtaining identification information of each first ONU that is connected to a first passive optical network (PON) port and whose optical path changes and feature data of the first ONU in a first time window, where the feature data includes receive optical power and/or an alarm event; obtaining, based on the feature data of each first ONU, a feature vector corresponding to each first ONU; and performing cluster analysis on the feature vector corresponding to each first ONU, to obtain topology information corresponding to the first PON port. ONU topology information is obtained by analyzing an ONU feature.

Abstract: A nuclear reactor includes a reactor container, a reactor core, a control drum assembly, a hot channel, a heat exchanger and a main pump. The reactor container contains a coolant; the reactor core is arranged at a lower middle part of the reactor container; the control drum assembly is arranged on an outer periphery of the reactor core, and includes control drums arranged at intervals along a peripheral direction of the reactor core; the hot channel is arranged in the reactor container and located above the reactor core. The hot channel has a bottom hermetically connected to the control drum assembly and a top hermetically connected to an inner top surface of the reactor container. The hot channel has a hot pool passage for the coolant to pass through. The heat exchanger is arranged in the reactor container and located on an outer periphery of the hot channel.

Abstract: There is described herein a nanoparticle comprising an outer shell comprising a porphyrin salt, an expanded porphyrin salt or an analog of porphyrin salt, around an inner oil core.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide an upstream resource grant method, a device, a passive optical network, and a computer-readable storage medium. The upstream resource grant method includes: An optical line terminal obtains an upstream grant message on which transformation processing has been performed, where a transformation parameter used for the transformation processing includes a physical identity of an optical network unit (ONU); and the optical line terminal sends the upstream grant message on which the transformation processing has been performed, where the upstream grant message carries an upstream resource grant indication of the optical network unit, and the upstream resource grant indication is used to indicate an upstream resource granted to the optical network unit. The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application help reduce an occurrence probability of a rogue ONU phenomenon, and further improve service running stability of a PON system.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method for updating dynamic power system models during each DSA analysis cycle. In one example, the method may include iteratively executing a dynamic security analysis (DSA) on a power grid based on a simulation of a dynamic power system model, receiving measurements from one or more sensors on the power grid, modifying one or more parameters of the dynamic power system model used in a previous iteration of the DSA based on the received measurements, simulating the modified dynamic power system model, determining a security value of the power grid during a current iteration of the DSA based on the simulated modified dynamic power system model, and storing the determined security value in memory.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to thermoelectric materials prepared by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) process combining with Plasma activated sintering and methods for preparing thereof. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to the new criterion for combustion synthesis and the method for preparing the thermoelectric materials which meet the new criterion.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method and an apparatus for obtaining optical distribution network (ODN) logical topology information, a device, and a storage medium. The method includes: obtaining identification information of each first ONU that is connected to a first passive optical network (PON) port and whose optical path changes and feature data of the first ONU in a first time window, where the feature data includes receive optical power and/or an alarm event; obtaining, based on the feature data of each first ONU, a feature vector corresponding to each first ONU; and performing cluster analysis on the feature vector corresponding to each first ONU, to obtain topology information corresponding to the first PON port. ONU topology information is obtained by analyzing an ONU feature.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to information transmission methods, optical line terminations (OLTs), optical network units (ONUs), and communications systems. One example method on an OLT side includes allocating, by the OLT, an identifier to a first ONU through a first channel, performing, through the first channel, ranging on the first ONU to obtain ranging information about the first channel, and after determining, by the OLT and the ONU through negotiation, to use two channels to perform information transmission, performing, by the OLT, data transmission of a first service with the first ONU through a second channel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to passive optical network (PON) systems, an optical line terminal (OLT), and an optical network unit (ONU). One example PON system includes an OLT and at least two ONUs, and the OLT and the ONUs exchange data on one downstream channel and two upstream channels. The OLT sends downstream data to each ONU on the downstream channel, where the downstream data includes an upstream bandwidth grant which is used to control the ONU to send upstream data. Each ONU receives the downstream data on the downstream channel, and sends the upstream data on a first upstream channel or a second upstream channel based on the upstream bandwidth grant included in the downstream data. The OLT receives, on the first upstream channel and the second upstream channel, the upstream data sent by each ONU.