Abstract: An apparatus for extracting common command information from programmable logic controller (PLC) ladder information according to the present invention may include: a logic information extracting portion configured to extract control logic information from XML information converted from PLC ladder information; and a common command converting portion configured to convert the control logic information extracted by the logic information extracting portion into common command information, wherein the logic information extracting portion is configured to extract, from the XML information, the control logic information in the form of a block obtained by grouping units that respectively represent contacts and lines constituting the PLC ladder information according to an AND condition and an OR condition.

Abstract: A graphene laminate including a substrate, a binder layer on the substrate, and graphene on the binder layer, wherein the graphene is bound to the substrate by the binder layer.

Abstract: Methods of preparing graphene nano ribbons may include forming a graphene sheet on at least one surface of a substrate, forming a plasma mask having a nano pattern on the graphene sheet, and forming a nano pattern on the graphene sheet by plasma treating a stack structure on which the plasma mask is formed.

Abstract: A method of analyzing graphene includes providing a first graphene structure including graphene having grains and grain boundaries, and a support portion for supporting the graphene, generating a second graphene structure by oxidizing the first graphene structure, and detecting a shape of the graphene.

Abstract: A graphene laminate including a substrate, a binder layer on the substrate, and graphene on the binder layer, wherein the graphene is bound to the substrate by the binder layer.

Abstract: A method of analyzing graphene includes providing a first graphene structure including graphene having grains and grain boundaries, and a support portion for supporting the graphene, generating a second graphene structure by oxidizing the first graphene structure, and detecting a shape of the graphene.

Abstract: A graphene laminate including a substrate, a binder layer on the substrate, and graphene on the binder layer, wherein the graphene is bound to the substrate by the binder layer.

Abstract: A method of controlling the number of layers of graphene layers includes forming graphene on a first surface of a first substrate, and forming a second substrate on a second surface of the first substrate; and irradiating the graphene with light to cause constructive Fresnel interference, wherein a multilayer structure or non-uniform graphene structure formed on the a surface of the graphene is removed by the constructive Fresnel interference.

Abstract: Methods of preparing graphene nano ribbons may include forming a graphene sheet on at least one surface of a substrate, forming a plasma mask having a nano pattern on the graphene sheet, and forming a nano pattern on the graphene sheet by plasma treating a stack structure on which the plasma mask is formed.

Abstract: A graphene laminate including a substrate, a binder layer on the substrate, and graphene on the binder layer, wherein the graphene is bound to the substrate by the binder layer.