Abstract: This application provides a communication method that includes grouping a plurality of clients to obtain at least two device groups, where each of the at least two device groups includes at least two clients. The method further includes receiving a publish request sent by a first client, where the publish request includes first data that corresponds to a first topic. The publish request is used to request a message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) server to publish the first data. After it is determined that a first device group to which the first client belongs from the at least two device groups, a publish message that includes the first data is sent to a second client in the first device group.

Abstract: An image upgrade method is provided. The method includes: receiving an incremental image file of a container, where the incremental image file includes a newly-added file, a modified file, and information about a deleted file, and the information about the deleted file includes a name of each deleted file and a storage path of the deleted file; updating an original image layer based on the incremental image file to obtain an updated image layer, where a state of the deleted file is set to a hidden state at the updated image layer; and overlaying a file at the updated image layer with a file at a container data layer to form an updated unified view at a view layer for use by the container, where the updated unified view does not include the deleted file whose state is set to the hidden state.

Abstract: A data configuration mechanism includes determining an upgrade profile based on an original data management model and an updated data management model. One or more data nodes are changed between the original data management model and the updated data management model. The upgrade profile indicates path information of the changed data nodes and indicates an update operation of the changed data nodes. Corresponding data for the changed data nodes are configured based on the path information and the update operation.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a communications apparatus. The communication method includes: grouping a plurality of clients to obtain at least two device groups, where each of the at least two device groups includes at least two clients; receiving a publish request sent by a first client, where the publish request includes first data, the first data corresponds to a first topic, and the publish request is used to request the MQTT server to publish the first data; and determining a first device group to which the first client belongs from the at least two device groups, and sending a publish message to a second client in the first device group, where the publish message includes the first data.

Abstract: An image upgrade method is provided. The method includes: receiving an incremental image file of a container, where the incremental image file includes a newly-added file, a modified file, and information about a deleted file, and the information about the deleted file includes a name of each deleted file and a storage path of the deleted file; updating an original image layer based on the incremental image file to obtain an updated image layer, where a state of the deleted file is set to a hidden state at the updated image layer; and overlaying a file at the updated image layer with a file at a container data layer to form an updated unified view at a view layer for use by the container, where the updated unified view does not include the deleted file whose state is set to the hidden state.

Abstract: A data configuration mechanism includes determining an upgrade profile based on an original data management model and an updated data management model. One or more data nodes are changed between the original data management model and the updated data management model. The upgrade profile indicates path information of the changed data nodes and indicates an update operation of the changed data nodes. Corresponding data for the changed data nodes are configured based on the path information and the update operation.