Abstract: A dimerization process for producing linear and/or mono-branched C.sub.10 to C.sub.28 olefins using dimerization catalysts and new C.sub.10 to C.sub.28 olefins mixtures are disclosed. The C.sub.10 to C.sub.28 olefin product is especially useful for the production of biodegradable alkylbenzene sulfonates detergents and intermediates therefor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing C.sub.5 to C.sub.18 straight chain .alpha.-olefins from the corresponding internal olefins. The process comprises reacting a C.sub.5 C.sub.18 straight chain olefin reactant with an electrophilic compound containing hydrogen followed by cracking the resulting product.

Abstract: Poly-2-pyrrolidone polymer and compositions having improved thermal stability via the capping of at least a portion of the amino and/or carboxy end group of the polymer and processes for preparing such polymers and compositions. The processes are characterized by the reaction of the polymer with alkanolamines and/or alkyl polyamines. The products afford improved melt processability.

Abstract: Poly-2-pyrrolidone polymer compositions having improved melt processability via the capping of at least a portion of the amino and/or carboxy end group of the polymer and the incorporation therewith of certain epoxide organic isocyanate and/or polyol additive compositions. The melt extrusion of such compositions is also disclosed.

Abstract: Sulfur cement-aggregate compositions comprising sulfur cement, aggregate, and an amount of a phosphoric acid effective to improve the resistance of said compositions to freeze-thaw degradation. The compositions are prepared by the admixture of phosphoric acid to the molten composition or a component thereof.The compositions can be used as mortars or concretes depending on the particle size of the principal aggregate component.

Abstract: Poly-2-pyrrolidone compositions having improved thermal stability via the incorporation of an organic isocyanate or a thermal precursor thereof and methods of melt-extruding, and especially melt spinning such compositions.

Abstract: Sulfur foam is produced by reacting molten sulfur with organic protonic acids to obtain an adduct and then reacting the adduct with a polyisocyanate to obtain a foam containing more than 50 weight percent sulfur. Before or after reacting the sulfur with the organic acid, or at the same time, the sulfur can be modified by reacting it with a sulfur-plasticizing material.

Abstract: A process for producing a sulfur foam containing at least 50 weight percent sulfur which comprises contacting and reacting molten sulfur with phenol or an aliphatic polysulfide to thereby obtain a phenol-sulfur adduct or an aliphatic polysulfide-sulfur adduct and contacting and reacting the adduct with maleic anhydride at a temperature between about 100.degree. and 190.degree. C. to thereby obtain a sulfur foam. In the case of phenol, preferably the phenol is reacted with the sulfur in the presence of a hydroxide base.

Abstract: Detergent active materials capable of heavy duty washing in the absence of phosphates comprising linear alkyl hydrocarbyloxybenzene disulfonates of the formula ##STR1## in which R is linear alkyl of 10 to 24 carbon atoms, X is H or a water-soluble salt-forming cation, Z is H, or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and Y is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of 7 to 9 carbon atoms, Y and Z may be polymethylene chain of 2 to 7 carbon atoms, the sum of the aliphatic carbon atoms in R and --CH--YZ is from 17 to 25, and for this purpose an aromatic carbon atom is considered equal to 2/3 aliphatic carbon atom.